Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA bondsman or -woman; a slave, especially in an Anglo-Saxon context.
Revived from Old English þēow, þēo (“servant; slave”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *þeu (“slave”), from Proto-Germanic *þewaz, *þegwaz (“servant; slave”), from Proto-Indo-European *tekwos (“runner”), from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run; to flow”). Cognates * Dutch dienen (“to serve”) * German dienen (“to serve”) * Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐍃 (þius, “bondsman, slave; servant”) * Old English þegn (“servant; minister; vassal”) * Old High German dio (“unfree”), diu (“servant”)
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*tekʷ-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionþēow,þēoang · servant; slave
- Derivation mention*þeugmw-pro · slave
- Derivation mention*þewaz,*þegwazgem-pro · servant; slave
- Derivation mention*tekwosine-pro · runner
- Derivation mention*tekʷ-ine-pro · to run; to flow
- Cognate mentiondienennl · to serve
- Cognate mentiondienende · to serve
- Cognate mention𐌸𐌹𐌿𐍃got · bondsman, slave; servant
- Cognate mentionþegnang · servant; minister; vassal
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tekʷ-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þēow,þēo",
"t": "servant; slave"
},
"expansion": "Old English þēow, þēo (“servant; slave”)"
},
{
"name": "nb...",
"args": {
"1": "þeowe (feminine), ðea, ðeua, ðiow, ðiowa, ðiua, ðiuwa",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þeu",
"t": "slave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þeu (“slave”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þewaz,*þegwaz",
"t": "servant; slave"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þewaz, *þegwaz (“servant; slave”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tekwos",
"t": "runner"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tekwos (“runner”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tekʷ-",
"t": "to run; to flow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run; to flow”)"
},
{
"name": "!",
"args": {},
"expansion": "|"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dienen",
"t": "to serve"
},
"expansion": "Dutch dienen (“to serve”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "dienen",
"t": "to serve"
},
"expansion": "German dienen (“to serve”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌸𐌹𐌿𐍃",
"t": "bondsman, slave; servant"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐍃 (þius, “bondsman, slave; servant”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þegn",
"t": "servant; minister; vassal"
},
"expansion": "Old English þegn (“servant; minister; vassal”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "dio<t:unfree>,diu<t:servant>"
},
"expansion": "Old High German dio (“unfree”), diu (“servant”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"þēow",
"þeow#Old_English"
],
[
"þēo",
"þeo#Old_English"
],
[
"*þeu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þeu"
],
[
"*þewaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þewaz"
],
[
"*þegwaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þegwaz"
],
[
"*tekwos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tekwos"
],
[
"*tekʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tekʷ-"
],
[
"dienen",
"dienen#Dutch"
],
[
"dienen",
"dienen#German"
],
[
"𐌸𐌹𐌿𐍃",
"𐌸𐌹𐌿𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"þegn",
"þegn#Old_English"
],
[
"dio",
"dio#Old_High_German"
],
[
"diu",
"diu#Old_High_German"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A bondsman or -woman; a slave, especially in an Anglo-Saxon context."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"recordId": "1e696f08acf14f9d7468b7201b448be328ae747b93483a6872daade4588d44d0",
"rawRecordSha256": "35b3a7f87616e278c6d13f6220838d1bc76921b56e8316fa23f554063a68b67e",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 8645252
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
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}