Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryboss; owner (of a business entity such as shop, etc.); shop owner; shopkeeper; business owner; employer (especially a Chinese Filipino boss) · term of address for a business owner boss (especially a Chinese Filipino boss)
Borrowed from Hokkien 頭家 /头家 (thâu-ke, “boss”). Doublet of towkay. Compare Tagalog taoke, Tausug tawki, Malay tauke, Indonesian tauke, Burmese ထောင်ကဲ (htaungkai:), Puyuma tawki, Rukai tawki, Sakizaya tawki.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "bor+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "nan-hbl",
"3": "頭家",
"tr": "thâu-ke",
"t": "boss"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Hokkien 頭家 /头家 (thâu-ke, “boss”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "towkay"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of towkay"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "taoke"
},
"expansion": "Tagalog taoke"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "tsg",
"2": "tawki"
},
"expansion": "Tausug tawki"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "tauke"
},
"expansion": "Malay tauke"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "tauke"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian tauke"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "ထောင်ကဲ"
},
"expansion": "Burmese ထောင်ကဲ (htaungkai:)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pyu",
"2": "tawki"
},
"expansion": "Puyuma tawki"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dru",
"2": "tawki"
},
"expansion": "Rukai tawki"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "szy",
"2": "tawki"
},
"expansion": "Sakizaya tawki"
}
],
"links": [
[
"頭家",
"頭家#Hokkien"
],
[
"头家",
"头家#Hokkien"
],
[
"towkay",
"towkay#English"
],
[
"taoke",
"taoke#Tagalog"
],
[
"tawki",
"tawki#Tausug"
],
[
"tauke",
"tauke#Malay"
],
[
"tauke",
"tauke#Indonesian"
],
[
"ထောင်ကဲ",
"ထောင်ကဲ#Burmese"
],
[
"tawki",
"tawki#Puyuma"
],
[
"tawki",
"tawki#Rukai"
],
[
"tawki",
"tawki#Sakizaya"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"boss; owner (of a business entity such as shop, etc.); shop owner; shopkeeper; business owner; employer (especially a Chinese Filipino boss)",
"term of address for a business owner boss (especially a Chinese Filipino boss)"
],
"tags": [
"Philippines"
],
"recordId": "7855d7ea8e88743bc74ca37e39d1b0e0196fc5bb3d68d089055f8b8d85ffbe3d",
"rawRecordSha256": "6832614f5735141b51594e5ce68d192c0f509845446691ae6e064dcf45eac84d",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 10288086
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}