*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of tan

From Middle English tan, from Old French tan (“tanbark”), from Gaulish *tannos (“green oak”) – compare Breton tann (“red oak”), Old Cornish tannen –, from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”), of uncertain origin, but perh

7 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 7 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
adj

Yellowish-brown. · Having dark skin as a result of exposure to the sun or an artificial process intended to mimic this effect.

noun

A light, brown-like colour. · A darkening of the skin resulting from exposure to sunlight or similar light sources. · The bark of an oak or other tree from which tannic acid is obtained. · Synonym of wall ball.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English tan, from Old French tan (“tanbark”), from Gaulish *tannos (“green oak”) – compare Breton tann (“red oak”), Old Cornish tannen –, from Proto-Celtic *tannos (“green oak”), of uncertain origin, but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)dʰonu (“fir”). Per this hypothesis, related to Hittite [script needed] (tanau, “fir”), Latin femur, genitive feminis (“thigh”), German Tann (“woods”), Tanne (“fir”), Albanian thanë (“cranberry bush”), Ancient Greek θάμνος (thámnos, “thicket”), Avestan 𐬚𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆 (θanuuar^ə), Sanskrit धनु (dhánu).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "tan"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English tan"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "tan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tanbark"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French tan (“tanbark”)"
    },
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        "2": "cel-gau",
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        "5": "green oak"
      },
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    },
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      "name": "cog",
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    },
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        "2": "cel-pro",
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        "4": "",
        "5": "green oak"
      },
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    },
    {
      "name": "der",
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        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dʰonu",
        "4": "*(s)dʰonu",
        "5": "fir"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)dʰonu (“fir”)"
    },
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      "name": "cog",
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        "1": "hit",
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      },
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      "name": "cog",
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    },
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      "name": "cog",
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        "2": "Tann",
        "3": "",
        "4": "woods"
      },
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    },
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      "name": "cog",
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        "2": "thanë",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cranberry bush"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian thanë (“cranberry bush”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "θάμνος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "thicket"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek θάμνος (thámnos, “thicket”)"
    },
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        "2": "𐬚𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆"
      },
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    },
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      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
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        "tr": "dhánu"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit धनु (dhánu)"
    }
  ],
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      "tan",
      "tan#Middle_English"
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      "tan",
      "tan#Old_French"
    ],
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      "*tannos",
      "Reconstruction:Gaulish/tannos"
    ],
    [
      "tann",
      "tann#Breton"
    ],
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      "tannen",
      "tannen#Old_Cornish"
    ],
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      "*tannos",
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    ],
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      "*(s)dʰonu",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰonu"
    ],
    [
      "femur",
      "femur#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "feminis",
      "feminis#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "Tann",
      "Tann#German"
    ],
    [
      "Tanne",
      "Tanne#German"
    ],
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      "thanë",
      "thanë#Albanian"
    ],
    [
      "θάμνος",
      "θάμνος#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
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      "𐬚𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆",
      "𐬚𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆#Avestan"
    ],
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      "धनु",
      "धनु#Sanskrit"
    ]
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
verb

To change to a tan colour due to exposure to the sun. · To change an animal hide into leather by soaking it in tannic acid. · To work as a tanner. · To spank or beat.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

As a verb, from Middle English tannen, from late Old English tannian (“to tan a hide”), from Latin tannare.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
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      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
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        "3": "tannen"
      },
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    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
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        "2": "ang",
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        "4": "",
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      },
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    },
    {
      "name": "der",
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        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "tannare"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tannare"
    }
  ],
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    ]
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      ],
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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
num

The second cardinal number two, formerly used in Celtic areas, especially Cumbria and parts of Yorkshire, for counting sheep, and stitches in knitting.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From a Brythonic language; influenced in form by yan (“one”) in the same series.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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Source etymology 4

Original entry ↗
noun

An Armenian drink made of yoghurt and water similar to airan and doogh

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Borrowed from Armenian թան (tʻan).

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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Source etymology 5

Original entry ↗
noun

Synonym of picul, particularly in Cantonese contexts.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Borrowed from Cantonese 擔/担 (daam3).

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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    },
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        "tr": "daam3"
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      "擔#Chinese"
    ],
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Source etymology 6

Original entry ↗
noun

A twig or small switch.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English *tan, from Old English tān (“twig, shoot, switch”), from Proto-West Germanic *tain, from Proto-Germanic *tainaz (“rod, twig, straw, lot”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mention*tanenm
  • Inherited-form mentiontānang · twig, shoot, switch
  • Inherited-form mention*taingmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*tainazgem-pro · rod, twig, straw, lot
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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Source etymology 7

Original entry ↗
verb

To kill by gun, to shoot.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

It may either be a figurative use of the usual verb tan (“to cause to acquire a brownish colour”) or a Jamaican Creole pronunciation of turn, compare bun (“to kill particularly by gunshot”).

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "tan",
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for tan →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-dGFu