Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗To throw with an initial upward direction. · To lift with a sudden or violent motion. · To agitate; to make restless. · To subject to trials; to harass.
From Middle English tossen (“to buffet about, agitate, toss; to sift or winnow”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Old Norse (compare dialectal Norwegian tossa, dialectal Swedish tossa (“to strew, spread”)), or perhaps from an alteration of Middle English tosen (“to tease, pull apart, shred; to wound, injure”). Compare also Dutch tassen (“to pile or heap up, stack”). The Welsh tos (“a quick jerk”) and tosio (“to jerk, toss”) are probably borrowed from the English.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 11 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "tossen",
"t": "to buffet about, agitate, toss; to sift or winnow"
},
"expansion": "Middle English tossen (“to buffet about, agitate, toss; to sift or winnow”)"
},
{
"name": "unc",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tossa"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian tossa"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tossa",
"t": "to strew, spread"
},
"expansion": "Swedish tossa (“to strew, spread”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "tosen",
"t": "to tease, pull apart, shred; to wound, injure"
},
"expansion": "Middle English tosen (“to tease, pull apart, shred; to wound, injure”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "tassen",
"t": "to pile or heap up, stack"
},
"expansion": "Dutch tassen (“to pile or heap up, stack”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "tos",
"t": "a quick jerk"
},
"expansion": "Welsh tos (“a quick jerk”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"tossen",
"tossen#Middle_English"
],
[
"tossa",
"tossa#Norwegian"
],
[
"tossa",
"tossa#Swedish"
],
[
"tosen",
"tosen#Middle_English"
],
[
"tassen",
"tassen#Dutch"
],
[
"tos",
"tos#Welsh"
],
[
"tosio",
"tosio#Welsh"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"word": "tos",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To throw with an initial upward direction.",
"To lift with a sudden or violent motion.",
"To agitate; to make restless.",
"To subject to trials; to harass."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "c6dbae8d7995f01003dd97fc4e1c0ab80ea4277b8c579ce14510f02937187b81",
"rawRecordSha256": "8f7d8124bfaf3ec1ddf3fb8ec549245e8b9081bacc8ba31fe4b1d85801494fdf",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 169238
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 11,
"glosses": 0
}
}