Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗A wrongful act, whether intentional or negligent, regarded as non-criminal and unrelated to a contract, which causes an injury and can be remedied in civil court, usually through the awarding of damages. · An injury or wrong.
From Middle English tort (“(uncountable) wrong; (countable) an injury, a wrong”), from Old French tort (“misdeed, wrong”) (modern French tort (“an error, wrong; a fault”)), from Medieval Latin tortum (“injustice, wrong”), a noun use of a neuter singular participle form of Latin tortus (“crooked; twisted”), the perfect passive participle of torqueō (“to bend or twist awry, distort”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”). Cognates * Galician torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong, tort”) * Italian torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) injustice, wrong”) * Norwegian Bokmål tort (dated, now only in fixed expressions) * Norwegian Nynorsk tort (dated, now only in fixed expressions) * Occitan tort * Old French tort (modern French tort) * Portuguese torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong”) * Spanish tuerto (“injury, offence”)
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*terkʷ-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentiontortenm · (uncountable) wrong; (countable) an injury, a wrong
- Derivation mentiontortfro · misdeed, wrong
- Cognate mentiontortfr · an error, wrong; a fault
- Derivation mentiontortusla · crooked; twisted
- Derivation mention*terkʷ-ine-pro · to spin; to turn
- Cognate mentiontortogl · (adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong, tort
- Cognate mentiontortoit · (adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) injustice, wrong
- Cognate mentiontortnb
- Cognate mentiontortnn
- Cognate mentiontortoc
- Cognate mentiontortfro
- Cognate mentiontortfr
- Cognate mentiontortopt · (adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong
- Cognate mentiontuertoes · injury, offence
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
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"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-"
},
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},
{
"name": "inh",
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"3": "tort",
"t": "(uncountable) wrong; (countable) an injury, a wrong"
},
"expansion": "Middle English tort (“(uncountable) wrong; (countable) an injury, a wrong”)"
},
{
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"t": "misdeed, wrong"
},
"expansion": "Old French tort (“misdeed, wrong”)"
},
{
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"2": "tort",
"t": "an error, wrong; a fault"
},
"expansion": "French tort (“an error, wrong; a fault”)"
},
{
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"expansion": "Medieval Latin tortum (“injustice, wrong”)"
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{
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"3": "tortus",
"t": "crooked; twisted"
},
"expansion": "Latin tortus (“crooked; twisted”)"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
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"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive"
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{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*terkʷ-",
"t": "to spin; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to spin; to turn”)"
},
{
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{
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"t": "(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong, tort"
},
"expansion": "Galician torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong, tort”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "torto",
"t": "(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) injustice, wrong"
},
"expansion": "Italian torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) injustice, wrong”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "tort",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål tort"
},
{
"name": "qualifier",
"args": {
"1": "dated, now only in fixed expressions"
},
"expansion": "(dated, now only in fixed expressions)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
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"1": "nn",
"2": "tort",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk tort"
},
{
"name": "qualifier",
"args": {
"1": "dated, now only in fixed expressions"
},
"expansion": "(dated, now only in fixed expressions)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
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"1": "oc",
"2": "tort"
},
"expansion": "Occitan tort"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "tort"
},
"expansion": "Old French tort"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "tort"
},
"expansion": "French tort"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "torto",
"t": "(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese torto (“(adjective) bent; crooked; twisted; (noun, archaic) harm, offence; injustice, wrong”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "tuerto",
"t": "injury, offence"
},
"expansion": "Spanish tuerto (“injury, offence”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"tort",
"tort#Middle_English"
],
[
"tort",
"tort#Old_French"
],
[
"tort",
"tort#French"
],
[
"tortum",
"tortum#Latin"
],
[
"tortus",
"tortus#Latin"
],
[
"torqueō",
"torqueo#Latin"
],
[
"*terkʷ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terkʷ-"
],
[
"torto",
"torto#Galician"
],
[
"torto",
"torto#Italian"
],
[
"tort",
"tort#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"tort",
"tort#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"tort",
"tort#Occitan"
],
[
"tort",
"tort#Old_French"
],
[
"tort",
"tort#French"
],
[
"torto",
"torto#Portuguese"
],
[
"tuerto",
"tuerto#Spanish"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A wrongful act, whether intentional or negligent, regarded as non-criminal and unrelated to a contract, which causes an injury and can be remedied in civil court, usually through the awarding of damages.",
"An injury or wrong."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
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}