Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗To labour; work. · To struggle. · To work (something); often with out. · To weary through excessive labour.
Labour, work, especially of a grueling nature. · Trouble, strife. · A net or snare; any thread, web, or string spread for taking prey.
From Middle English toilen, toylen, apparently a conflation of Anglo-Norman toiller (“to agitate, stir up, entangle”) (compare Old Northern French tooillier, tooullier (“to agitate, stir”); of unknown origin), and Middle English tilyen, telien, teolien, tolen, tolien, tulien (“to till, work, labour”), from Old English tilian, telian, teolian, tiolian (“to exert oneself, toil, work, make, generate, strive after, try, endeavor, procure, obtain, gain, provide, tend, cherish, cultivate, till, plough, trade, traffic, aim at, aspire to, treat, cure”) (compare Middle Dutch tuylen, teulen (“to till, work, labour”)), from Proto-Germanic *tilōną (“to strive, reach for, aim for, hurry”). Cognate with Scots tulyie (“to quarrel, flite, contend”). An alternate etymology derives Middle English toilen, toylen directly from Middle Dutch tuylen, teulen (“to work, labour, till”), from tuyl ("agriculture, labour, toil"; > Modern Dutch tuil (“toil; work”)). Cognate with Old Frisian teula (“to labour, toil”), teule (“labour, work”), Dutch tuil (“toil, labour”). Compare also Dutch telen (“to grow; raise; cultivate, till”). More at till.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentiontoilen, toylenenm
- Inherited-form mentiontilyen, telien, teolien, tolen, tolien, tulienenm
- Inherited-form mentiontilian, telian, teolian, tiolianang
- Cognate mentiontuylen, teulendum
- Inherited-form mention*tilōnągem-pro
- Cognate mentiontulyiesco
- Derivation mentiontuylen, teulendum
- Cognate mentionteulaofs
- Cognate mentiontuilnl · toil, labour
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toilen, toylen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toilen, toylen"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xno",
"3": "toiller",
"4": "",
"5": "to agitate, stir up, entangle"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman toiller (“to agitate, stir up, entangle”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fro-nor",
"2": "tooillier, tooullier",
"3": "",
"4": "to agitate, stir"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French tooillier, tooullier (“to agitate, stir”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "tilyen, telien, teolien, tolen, tolien, tulien",
"4": "",
"5": "to till, work, labour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English tilyen, telien, teolien, tolen, tolien, tulien (“to till, work, labour”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tilian, telian, teolian, tiolian",
"4": "",
"5": "to exert oneself, toil, work, make, generate, strive after, try, endeavor, procure, obtain, gain, provide, tend, cherish, cultivate, till, plough, trade, traffic, aim at, aspire to, treat, cure"
},
"expansion": "Old English tilian, telian, teolian, tiolian (“to exert oneself, toil, work, make, generate, strive after, try, endeavor, procure, obtain, gain, provide, tend, cherish, cultivate, till, plough, trade, traffic, aim at, aspire to, treat, cure”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "tuylen, teulen",
"3": "",
"4": "to till, work, labour"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch tuylen, teulen (“to till, work, labour”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tilōną",
"4": "",
"5": "to strive, reach for, aim for, hurry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tilōną (“to strive, reach for, aim for, hurry”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tulyie",
"3": "",
"4": "to quarrel, flite, contend"
},
"expansion": "Scots tulyie (“to quarrel, flite, contend”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "toilen, toylen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English toilen, toylen"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "tuylen, teulen",
"4": "",
"5": "to work, labour, till"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch tuylen, teulen (“to work, labour, till”)"
},
{
"name": "gloss",
"args": {
"1": "\"agriculture, labour, toil\"; > Modern Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">tuil</i> (“toil; work”)"
},
"expansion": "(\"agriculture, labour, toil\"; > Modern Dutch tuil (“toil; work”))"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "teula",
"3": "",
"4": "to labour, toil"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian teula (“to labour, toil”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "tuil",
"t": "toil, labour"
},
"expansion": "Dutch tuil (“toil, labour”)"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "telen",
"t": "to grow; raise; cultivate, till"
},
"expansion": "Dutch telen (“to grow; raise; cultivate, till”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"toilen",
"toilen#Middle_English"
],
[
"toylen",
"toylen#Middle_English"
],
[
"toiller",
"toiller#Old_French"
],
[
"tooillier",
"tooillier#Old_French"
],
[
"tooullier",
"tooullier#Old_French"
],
[
"tilyen",
"tilyen#Middle_English"
],
[
"telien",
"telien#Middle_English"
],
[
"teolien",
"teolien#Middle_English"
],
[
"tolen",
"tolen#Middle_English"
],
[
"tolien",
"tolien#Middle_English"
],
[
"tulien",
"tulien#Middle_English"
],
[
"tilian",
"tilian#Old_English"
],
[
"telian",
"telian#Old_English"
],
[
"teolian",
"teolian#Old_English"
],
[
"tiolian",
"tiolian#Old_English"
],
[
"tuylen",
"tuylen#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"teulen",
"teulen#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"*tilōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tilōną"
],
[
"tulyie",
"tulyie#Scots"
],
[
"toilen",
"toilen#Middle_English"
],
[
"toylen",
"toylen#Middle_English"
],
[
"tuylen",
"tuylen#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"teulen",
"teulen#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"tuyl",
"tuyl#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"tuil",
"tuil#Dutch"
],
[
"teula",
"teula#Old_Frisian"
],
[
"teule",
"teule#Old_Frisian"
],
[
"tuil",
"tuil#Dutch"
],
[
"telen",
"telen#Dutch"
],
[
"till",
"till#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To labour; work.",
"To struggle.",
"To work (something); often with out.",
"To weary through excessive labour."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "00d0c09772f8731da78053a7a1a91a3fc3298f62377d687b33b8d2fec7864921",
"rawRecordSha256": "e7e03a8a67d4f71b6ae7683dc88777076fc8a0c62eb66e923b1ed58b04596b7d",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 234727
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Labour, work, especially of a grueling nature.",
"Trouble, strife.",
"A net or snare; any thread, web, or string spread for taking prey."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable",
"plural-normally"
],
"recordId": "da3b90e43d2a1ce8893d5c76044cbba6119337eb2871236156b4e6994029a565",
"rawRecordSha256": "a07c3bc3cc6bf64e27443183b6762dcb362f41a11eb06d55dfab9df2f4e5aefc",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 234726
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}