Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryBread that has been toasted (cooked lightly by browning). · A proposed salutation (e.g. saying "cheers") while drinking alcohol. · A person, group, or notable object to which a salutation with alcohol is made; a person or group held in similar esteem. · Something that is irreparably damaged or used up, especially when destroyed by heat or fire; something which has been burnt to a crisp or incinerated.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ters- Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Indo-European *tr̥stós Proto-Italic *torstos Latin tostus Proto-Indo-European *-h₂ Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ Proto-Indo-European *-yéti Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu. Proto-Italic *-ājō Proto-Italic *-āō Latin -ō Late Latin tostō Old French tosterbor. Middle English tostendeverb. Middle English tost English toast From Middle English tost, from the verb tosten (see below). Etymology 1 sense 3 is according to the Oxford English Dictionary a figurative application of etymology 1 sense 1 dating to 1674. It began as an epithet for a lady being supposed to flavour a bumper like a spiced toast placed in that drink. (In this context, a bumper is a drinking vessel filled to the brim.)
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentiontostenm
This page abbreviates 5 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:tost",
"id": "noun",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ters-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *tr̥stós\nProto-Italic *torstos\nLatin tostus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLate Latin tostō\nOld French tosterbor.\nMiddle English tostendeverb.\nMiddle English tost\nEnglish toast\n[Appendix:Glossary#deverbal|Deverbal]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"toasted\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"dry\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ters-\", \"gloss\" : \"dry\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*tr̥stós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*torstos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"tostus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"participle of <i class=\\\"Latn mention\\\" lang=\\\"la\\\">torreō<\\/i>\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"tostō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"toster\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"tosten\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"deverbal\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"tost\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"toast\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"noun\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"toast\" id=\"English:_noun\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "tost"
},
"expansion": "Middle English tost"
},
{
"name": "senseno",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to which a salutation is made",
"cap": "1",
"pos": "false"
},
"expansion": "Etymology 1 sense 3"
},
{
"name": "senseno",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Q6128",
"pos": "false"
},
"expansion": "etymology 1 sense 1"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:tost",
"id": "noun",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ters-\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *tr̥stós\nProto-Italic *torstos\nLatin tostus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLate Latin tostō\nOld French tosterbor.\nMiddle English tostendeverb.\nMiddle English tost\nEnglish toast"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*ters-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ters-#Proto-Indo-European:_dry"
],
[
"*-tós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*tr̥stós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tr̥stós"
],
[
"*torstos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/torstos"
],
[
"tostus",
"tostus#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"tostō",
"tosto#Latin"
],
[
"toster",
"toster#Old_French"
],
[
"tosten",
"tosten#Middle_English"
],
[
"tost",
"tost#Middle_English"
],
[
"torreō",
"torreo#Latin"
],
[
"tost",
"tost#Middle_English"
],
[
"tosten",
"tosten#Middle_English"
],
[
"bumper",
"bumper"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"word": "тост",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tost"
},
{
"lang": "Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"word": "多士",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "do¹ si⁶⁻²"
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "toust",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "toast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "toost",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "toast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "toast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "toast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
]
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Toast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"word": "τοστ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tost"
},
{
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"word": "טוסט",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "toast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"word": "トースト",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tōsuto"
},
{
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"word": "토스트",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "toseuteu"
},
{
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"word": "tōhi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"word": "тост",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tost"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "toast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "toast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "tost",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "toast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "toste",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "тост",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tost",
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"word": "տոստ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tost"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Shanghainese",
"lang_code": "wuu-sha",
"word": "吐司",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "¹thu-sy₁",
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"word": "吐司",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tǔsī"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"word": "tost",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"word": "тост",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "tost"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "tost",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Bread that has been toasted (cooked lightly by browning).",
"A proposed salutation (e.g. saying \"cheers\") while drinking alcohol.",
"A person, group, or notable object to which a salutation with alcohol is made; a person or group held in similar esteem.",
"Something that is irreparably damaged or used up, especially when destroyed by heat or fire; something which has been burnt to a crisp or incinerated."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"countable",
"US",
"slang"
],
"recordId": "a5452db5c82ed12818b9204ba14acb5fe6f6784fcb6731dbeb8486ab923a8af7",
"rawRecordSha256": "78573d99e087dbf59c5327c9590ef70d8892de2fc0812b59ab72860324efd101",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 184075
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"links": 0,
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"lexicalSenses": 5,
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}