Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗An act of touching, especially with the hand or finger. · The faculty or sense of perception by physical contact. · The style or technique with which one plays a musical instrument. · The particular or characteristic mode of action, or the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers.
To make physical contact with; to bring the hand, finger or other part of the body into contact with. · To come into (involuntary) contact with; to meet or intersect. · To come into physical contact, or to be in physical contact. · To make physical contact with a thing.
From Middle English touchen, tochen, from Old French tochier (“to touch”) (whence Modern French toucher; compare French doublet toquer (“to offend, bother, harass”)), from Vulgar Latin *tuccō (“to knock, strike, offend”), from Frankish *tukkōn (“to knock, strike, touch”), from Proto-Germanic *tukkōną (“to tug, grab, grasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull, lead”). Largely displaced native Middle English rinen, from Old English hrīnan (whence Modern English rine). Doublet of tuck. Cognates Cognate with Old High German zochhōn, zuhhōn (“to grasp, take, seize, snatch”) (whence German zucken (“to jerk, flinch”)), German Low German tucken, tocken (“to fidget, twitch, pull up, entice, throb, knock, repeatedly tap”), Middle Dutch tocken, tucken (“to touch, entice”) (whence Dutch tokkelen (“to strum, pluck”)), Old English tucian, tūcian (“to disturb, mistreat”) (whence Modern English tuck). Compare also Old High German tokkōn, tockōn (“to abut, collide”). More at tuck. Via Proto-Indo-European *dewk- cognate with English tie, tow, tug, team, Latin dūcō, dux.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*dewk-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentiontouchenenm
- Derivation mentiontochierfro · to touch
- Cognate mentiontoucherfr
- Derivation mention*tukkōnągem-pro · to tug, grab, grasp
- Derivation mention*dewk-ine-pro · to draw, pull, lead
- Non-cognate comparisonrinenenm
- Non-cognate comparisonhrīnanang
- Cognate mentionzochhōngoh
- Cognate mentionzuckende
- Cognate mentiontockendum
- Cognate mentiontokkelennl
- Cognate mentiontucianang
This page abbreviates 53 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "touchen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English touchen"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "tochier",
"t": "to touch"
},
"expansion": "Old French tochier (“to touch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "toucher"
},
"expansion": "French toucher"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*tuccō",
"t": "to knock, strike, offend"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *tuccō (“to knock, strike, offend”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*tukkōn",
"t": "to knock, strike, touch"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *tukkōn (“to knock, strike, touch”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tukkōną",
"t": "to tug, grab, grasp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tukkōną (“to tug, grab, grasp”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dewk-",
"t": "to draw, pull, lead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to draw, pull, lead”)"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "rinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rinen"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hrīnan"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrīnan"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "zochhōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German zochhōn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zucken",
"3": "",
"4": "to jerk, flinch"
},
"expansion": "German zucken (“to jerk, flinch”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "tucken"
},
"expansion": "German Low German tucken"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "tocken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch tocken"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "tokkelen",
"3": "",
"4": "to strum, pluck"
},
"expansion": "Dutch tokkelen (“to strum, pluck”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "tucian"
},
"expansion": "Old English tucian"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tuck"
},
"expansion": "English tuck"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "tokkōn"
},
"expansion": "Old High German tokkōn"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dewk-"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tie"
},
"expansion": "English tie"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dūcō"
},
"expansion": "Latin dūcō"
}
],
"links": [
[
"touchen",
"touchen#Middle_English"
],
[
"tochen",
"tochen#Middle_English"
],
[
"tochier",
"tochier#Old_French"
],
[
"toucher",
"toucher#French"
],
[
"toquer",
"toquer#French"
],
[
"*tuccō",
"Reconstruction:Latin/tucco"
],
[
"*tukkōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tukkōn"
],
[
"*tukkōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tukkōną"
],
[
"*dewk-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dewk-"
],
[
"rinen",
"rinen#Middle_English"
],
[
"hrīnan",
"hrinan#Old_English"
],
[
"rine",
"rine#English"
],
[
"tuck",
"tuck#English"
],
[
"zochhōn",
"zochhon#Old_High_German"
],
[
"zuhhōn",
"zuhhon#Old_High_German"
],
[
"zucken",
"zucken#German"
],
[
"tucken",
"tucken#Low_German"
],
[
"tocken",
"tocken#Low_German"
],
[
"tocken",
"tocken#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"tucken",
"tucken#Old_Dutch"
],
[
"tokkelen",
"tokkelen#Dutch"
],
[
"tucian",
"tucian#Old_English"
],
[
"tūcian",
"tucian#Old_English"
],
[
"tuck",
"tuck#English"
],
[
"tokkōn",
"tokkon#Old_High_German"
],
[
"tockōn",
"tockon#Old_High_German"
],
[
"tuck",
"tuck"
],
[
"*dewk-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dewk-"
],
[
"tie",
"tie#English"
],
[
"tow",
"tow#English"
],
[
"tug",
"tug#English"
],
[
"team",
"team#English"
],
[
"dūcō",
"duco#Latin"
],
[
"dux",
"dux#Latin"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"An act of touching, especially with the hand or finger.",
"The faculty or sense of perception by physical contact.",
"The style or technique with which one plays a musical instrument.",
"The particular or characteristic mode of action, or the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "b60d282643f7ae81b5364bfe03adfb84e18642109f6496e1ce5fb772d4f73101",
"rawRecordSha256": "c428434d6eeec427623ca6a822c89a8fba2f6a4a22c543c8841737a22a3c91ea",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 23035
},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To make physical contact with; to bring the hand, finger or other part of the body into contact with.",
"To come into (involuntary) contact with; to meet or intersect.",
"To come into physical contact, or to be in physical contact.",
"To make physical contact with a thing."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
"intransitive"
],
"recordId": "bb48adc8afe57e228a1e59c8ad8173fd87b48f6ef1917a12ef271e879798f508",
"rawRecordSha256": "1f3802f92e52dd44cbf04bf5fc87d0c9fbeca9a4902cab73e3018076c928f9ae",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 23034
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 53,
"glosses": 0
}
}