Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗prep
In the direction of; towards. · Indicating destination or final position: In the direction of, so as to arrive at or reach. · Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action. · So as to contact, press against, impact, etc.
particle
A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive. · As above, with the verb implied. · Used to indicate an obligation on the part of, or a directive given to, the subject.
adv
Toward a closed, touching, or engaging position. · Into the wind. · Misspelling of too.
conj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryIn order to.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *de Proto-Indo-European *doh₁ Proto-Germanic *tō Proto-West Germanic *tō Old English tō Middle English to English to From Middle English to, from Old English tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō ~ *ta, from Proto-Indo-European *de ~ *do (“to”). Cognate with Scots tae, to (“to”), North Frisian to, tö, tu (“to”), Saterland Frisian tou (“to”), Low German to (“to”), Dutch toe, te (“to”), German zu (“to”), West Frisian ta (“to”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian ndaj (“towards”), Irish do (“to, for”), Breton da (“to, for”), Welsh i (“to, for”), Russian до (do, “to”). Doublet of too.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentiontoenm
- Inherited-form mentiontōang
- Inherited-form mention*tōgem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*deine-pro
- Cognate mentiontaesco
- Cognate mentiontofrr
- Cognate mentiontoustq
- Cognate mentiontonds
- Cognate mentiontoenl
- Cognate mentionzude
- Cognate mentiontafy
- Cognate mentionndajsq
- Cognate mentionдоru
- Doublet mentiontooen
This page abbreviates 14 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:to<id:infinitive><ety:inh<ang:tō>>",
"id": "particle",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *doh₁\nProto-Germanic *tō\nProto-West Germanic *tō\nOld English tō\nMiddle English to\nEnglish to\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*tō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*tō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"tō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"to\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"to\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"particle\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"to\" id=\"English:_particle\">"
},
{
"name": "inherited",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "to"
},
"expansion": "Middle English to"
},
{
"name": "inherited",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Old English tō"
},
{
"name": "inherited",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō"
},
{
"name": "inherited",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*de"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *de"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots tae"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "to"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian to"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "tou",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian tou (“to”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "to",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Low German to (“to”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "toe"
},
"expansion": "Dutch toe"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "zu",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "German zu (“to”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ta",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian ta (“to”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ndaj",
"3": "",
"4": "towards"
},
"expansion": "Albanian ndaj (“towards”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "до",
"3": "",
"4": "to"
},
"expansion": "Russian до (do, “to”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "too"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of too"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:to<id:infinitive><ety:inh<ang:tō>>",
"id": "particle",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *de\nProto-Indo-European *doh₁\nProto-Germanic *tō\nProto-West Germanic *tō\nOld English tō\nMiddle English to\nEnglish to"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*de",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/de"
],
[
"*doh₁",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/doh₁"
],
[
"*tō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tō"
],
[
"*tō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/tō"
],
[
"tō",
"to#Old_English"
],
[
"to",
"to#Middle_English:_infinitive"
],
[
"to",
"to#Middle_English"
],
[
"tō",
"to#Old_English"
],
[
"*tō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tō"
],
[
"*ta",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ta"
],
[
"*de",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/de"
],
[
"*do",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/do"
],
[
"tae",
"tae#Scots"
],
[
"to",
"to#Scots"
],
[
"to",
"to#North_Frisian"
],
[
"tö",
"tö#North_Frisian"
],
[
"tu",
"tu#North_Frisian"
],
[
"tou",
"tou#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"to",
"to#Low_German"
],
[
"toe",
"toe#Dutch"
],
[
"te",
"te#Dutch"
],
[
"zu",
"zu#German"
],
[
"ta",
"ta#West_Frisian"
],
[
"ndaj",
"ndaj#Albanian"
],
[
"do",
"do#Irish"
],
[
"da",
"da#Breton"
],
[
"i",
"i/languages M to Z#Welsh"
],
[
"до",
"до#Russian"
],
[
"too",
"too#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "prep",
"glosses": [
"In the direction of; towards.",
"Indicating destination or final position: In the direction of, so as to arrive at or reach.",
"Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action.",
"So as to contact, press against, impact, etc."
],
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"pos": "particle",
"glosses": [
"A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive.",
"As above, with the verb implied.",
"Used to indicate an obligation on the part of, or a directive given to, the subject."
],
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{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Toward a closed, touching, or engaging position.",
"Into the wind.",
"Misspelling of too."
],
"tags": [
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"US",
"not-comparable",
"regional",
"alt-of",
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"pos": "conj",
"glosses": [
"In order to."
],
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 14,
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}
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