Etymology of wrong

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗

adv

In a way that isn't right; incorrectly, wrongly.

adj

Incorrect or untrue. · Asserting something incorrect or untrue. · Immoral, not good, bad. · Improper; unfit; unsuitable.

verb

To treat unjustly; to injure or harm; to do wrong by. · To deprive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice. · To slander; to impute evil to unjustly.

noun

Something that is immoral or not good. · An instance of wronging someone (sometimes with possessive to indicate the wrongdoer). · The incorrect or unjust position or opinion. · The opposite of right; the concept of badness.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *wrengʰ- /*wrengʷʰder.? Proto-Germanic *wringaną Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Germanic *-az Proto-Germanic *wrangaz Proto-West Germanic *wrang ▲ Old Norse rangrinflu. Old English wrang Old Norse rangrinflu. Middle English wrong English wrong From Middle English wrong, from Old English wrang (“wrong, twisted, uneven”), from Old Norse rangr, vrangr (“crooked, wrong”), from Proto-Germanic *wrangaz (“crooked, twisted, turned awry”), from Proto-Indo-European *werḱ-, *wrengʰ- (“to twist, weave, tie together”), from *wer- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate with Scots wrang (“wrong”), Danish vrang (“wrong, crooked”), Swedish vrång (“perverse, distorted”), Icelandic rangur (“wrong”), Norwegian Nynorsk rang (“wrong”), Dutch wrang (“bitter, sour”) and the first element in the mythic Old Frisian city of Rungholt (“crooked wood”). More at wring.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentionwrongenm
Inherited-form mentionwrangang · wrong, twisted, uneven
Derivation mentionrangrnon
Derivation mention*wrangazgem-pro · crooked, twisted, turned awry
Derivation mention*werḱ-ine-pro
Cognate mentionwrangsco · wrong
Cognate mentionvrangda · wrong, crooked
Cognate mentionvrångsv · perverse, distorted
Cognate mentionranguris · wrong
Cognate mentionrangnn · wrong
Cognate mentionwrangnl · bitter, sour

This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:wrong",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wrengʰ- /*wrengʷʰder.?\nProto-Germanic *wringaną\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Germanic *-az\nProto-Germanic *wrangaz\nProto-West Germanic *wrang\n▲\nOld Norse rangrinflu.\nOld English wrang\nOld Norse rangrinflu.\nMiddle English wrong\nEnglish wrong\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wrengʰ-\\/\\/*wrengʷʰ\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wringaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"e-grade\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"e-grade\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-az\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wrangaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wrang\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"rangr\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wrang\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : [ \"non\", \":from\", \"vrangr\" ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Norse\", \"term\" : \"rangr\", \"lang\" : \"non\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"wrong\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"wrong\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"wrong\">"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "wrong"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English wrong"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wrang",
        "id": "wrong",
        "t": "wrong, twisted, uneven"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wrang (“wrong, twisted, uneven”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "rangr"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse rangr"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wrangaz",
        "t": "crooked, twisted, turned awry"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrangaz (“crooked, twisted, turned awry”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*werḱ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werḱ-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "wrang",
        "t": "wrong"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots wrang (“wrong”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "vrang",
        "t": "wrong, crooked"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish vrang (“wrong, crooked”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "vrång",
        "t": "perverse, distorted"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish vrång (“perverse, distorted”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "rangur",
        "t": "wrong"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic rangur (“wrong”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nn",
        "2": "rang",
        "t": "wrong"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk rang (“wrong”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "wrang",
        "t": "bitter, sour"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch wrang (“bitter, sour”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ofs",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Frisian"
    },
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      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:wrong",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wrengʰ- /*wrengʷʰder.?\nProto-Germanic *wringaną\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Germanic *-az\nProto-Germanic *wrangaz\nProto-West Germanic *wrang\n▲\nOld Norse rangrinflu.\nOld English wrang\nOld Norse rangrinflu.\nMiddle English wrong\nEnglish wrong"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*wrengʰ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wrengʰ-"
    ],
    [
      "*wrengʷʰ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wrengʷʰ"
    ],
    [
      "*wringaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wringaną"
    ],
    [
      "*-ós",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ós#Proto-Indo-European:_e-grade"
    ],
    [
      "*-az",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-az#Proto-Germanic:_e-grade"
    ],
    [
      "*wrangaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrangaz"
    ],
    [
      "*wrang",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wrang"
    ],
    [
      "rangr",
      "rangr#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "wrang",
      "wrang#Old_English:_wrong"
    ],
    [
      "rangr",
      "rangr#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "wrong",
      "wrong#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "wrong",
      "wrong#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "wrang",
      "wrang#Old_English:_wrong"
    ],
    [
      "rangr",
      "rangr#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "vrangr",
      "vrangr#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "*wrangaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wrangaz"
    ],
    [
      "*werḱ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/werḱ-"
    ],
    [
      "*wrengʰ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wrengʰ-"
    ],
    [
      "*wer-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wer-"
    ],
    [
      "wrang",
      "wrang#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "vrang",
      "vrang#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "vrång",
      "vrång#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "rangur",
      "rangur#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "rang",
      "rang#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
    [
      "wrang",
      "wrang#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Rungholt",
      "Rungholt#Old_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "wring",
      "wring#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adv",
      "glosses": [
        "In a way that isn't right; incorrectly, wrongly."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "informal"
      ],
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    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Incorrect or untrue.",
        "Asserting something incorrect or untrue.",
        "Immoral, not good, bad.",
        "Improper; unfit; unsuitable."
      ],
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    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To treat unjustly; to injure or harm; to do wrong by.",
        "To deprive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice.",
        "To slander; to impute evil to unjustly."
      ],
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    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Something that is immoral or not good.",
        "An instance of wronging someone (sometimes with possessive to indicate the wrongdoer).",
        "The incorrect or unjust position or opinion.",
        "The opposite of right; the concept of badness."
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    "lexicalSenses": 3,
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}

The source etymologies

Unnumbered source etymology

Relationships mentioned by the source

Where this record stops

Source and snapshot