Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To anger (someone); to enrage. · To become angry with (someone). · To become angry.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryGreat anger; (countable) an instance of this. · Punishment, retribution, or vengeance resulting from anger; (countable) an instance of this. · Great ardour or passion.
The noun is derived from Middle English wratthe (“anger, hostility, distress retribution”) [and other forms], from Old English wrǣþþu (“ire, wrath”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *wraiþiþu (“anger, fury, wrath”), from *wraiþ (“angry, furious, wroth; hostile, violent; bent, twisted”) (from Proto-Germanic *wraiþaz (“angry, furious, wroth; hostile, violent; bent, twisted”), from Proto-Indo-European *wreyt- (“to twist”)) + *-iþu (suffix forming abstract nouns). Effectively analysable as wroth + -th (abstract nominal suffix); compare Dutch wreedte. The verb is derived from Middle English wratthen (“to be or become angry, to rage; to quarrel; to cause wrath, offend; to become troubled or vexed; to cause grief or harm, grieve, vex”) [and other forms], from wratthe, wretthe (noun) (see above) + -en (suffix forming the infinitive of verbs).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*wreyt-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionwrattheenm · anger, hostility, distress retribution
- Inherited-form mentionwrǣþþuang · ire, wrath
- Inherited-form mention*wraiþiþugmw-pro · anger, fury, wrath
- Inherited-form mention*wraiþazgem-pro · angry, furious, wroth; hostile, violent; bent, twisted
- Inherited-form mention*wreyt-ine-pro · to twist
- Cognate mentionwreedtenl
- Inherited-form mentionwratthenenm · to be or become angry, to rage; to quarrel; to cause wrath, offend; to become troubled or vexed; to cause grief or harm, grieve, vex
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wreyt-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wratthe",
"t": "anger, hostility, distress retribution"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wratthe (“anger, hostility, distress retribution”)"
},
{
"name": "nb...",
"args": {
"1": "wraaþ, wragh, wraght, wraith, wrat, wrā̆th, wrathe, wrā̆the, wrath, wraththe, wratth, wratthe, wraugth, wretthe, (Scotland) wraith, (Southwest Midlands) wradðe, wrað, wraðe, wræððe, wraððe, wraððhe, wraðþe, wraþe, wraþþe, wreadðe, wreaððe, wredða, wredðe, wreþþe",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wrǣþþu",
"t": "ire, wrath"
},
"expansion": "Old English wrǣþþu (“ire, wrath”)"
},
{
"name": "nb...",
"args": {
"1": "wraððo, wræððu, wræððo, wrǣþþ, (Northumberland) urāððo",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wraiþiþu",
"t": "anger, fury, wrath"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wraiþiþu (“anger, fury, wrath”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wraiþaz",
"t": "angry, furious, wroth; hostile, violent; bent, twisted"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wraiþaz (“angry, furious, wroth; hostile, violent; bent, twisted”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wreyt-",
"t": "to twist"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreyt- (“to twist”)"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "abstract noun"
},
"expansion": "abstract noun"
},
{
"name": "suffix",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wroth",
"3": "th",
"id2": "abstract nominal",
"pos2": "abstract nominal suffix"
},
"expansion": "wroth + -th (abstract nominal suffix)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wreedte"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wreedte"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wratthen",
"t": "to be or become angry, to rage; to quarrel; to cause wrath, offend; to become troubled or vexed; to cause grief or harm, grieve, vex"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wratthen (“to be or become angry, to rage; to quarrel; to cause wrath, offend; to become troubled or vexed; to cause grief or harm, grieve, vex”)"
},
{
"name": "nb...",
"args": {
"1": "wrath, wrathe, wrathen, wraththe, wraththen, wraththi, wratth, wratthe, wraþþen, wreththe, wreththi, wretth, wretthe, wretthi, wretthin, wreþþen, (Southwest England, Southwest Midlands) wreaððin, wreððen, (Early Middle English) wraðhin, wræðþiæn",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "infinitive"
},
"expansion": "infinitive"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb"
}
],
"links": [
[
"wratthe",
"wratthe#Middle_English"
],
[
"wrǣþþu",
"wræþþu#Old_English"
],
[
"*wraiþiþu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wraiþiþu"
],
[
"*wraiþ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wraiþ"
],
[
"*wraiþaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wraiþaz"
],
[
"*wreyt-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wreyt-"
],
[
"*-iþu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-iþu"
],
[
"wroth",
"wroth#English"
],
[
"-th",
"-th#English:_abstract_nominal"
],
[
"wreedte",
"wreedte#Dutch"
],
[
"wratthen",
"wratthen#Middle_English"
],
[
"wratthe",
"wratthe#Middle_English"
],
[
"wretthe",
"wretthe#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To anger (someone); to enrage.",
"To become angry with (someone).",
"To become angry."
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"Modern",
"obsolete",
"transitive",
"intransitive"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 278322
},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Great anger; (countable) an instance of this.",
"Punishment, retribution, or vengeance resulting from anger; (countable) an instance of this.",
"Great ardour or passion."
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"uncountable",
"usually",
"obsolete"
],
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"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
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}
}