Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗adj
Showing good judgement or the benefit of experience. · Disrespectful. · Aware, informed (to something).
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo become wise. · Usually with "up", to inform or learn.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *weyd- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *wéydos Proto-Indo-European *weyd-s-ós Proto-Germanic *wīsaz Old English wīs Middle English wys, wyse English wise From Middle English wys, wyse, from Old English wīs (“wise”), from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz (“knowledgeable, wise”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing; knowledge”), from *weyd- (“to see”). Cognates Cognate with West Frisian wiis (“wise”), Dutch wijs (“wise”), German weis, weise (“wise”), Low German wies (“wise; clever”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish vis (“wise”), Icelandic vís (“wise; certain”), Gothic *𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*weis, “wise”); also Irish fios (“knowledge; information”), Manx fys (“knowledge; information”), Scottish Gaelic fhios, fios (“knowledge; information”), Welsh gwys, gwŷs (“citation, summons”), Latin videō (“to look, perceive, see; to note, observe; to comprehend, understand”), Greek είδος (eídos, “form, kind, type”), Albanian vizë (“line, stripe, track; dash”), Latvian veids (“form, kind, mode, type”), Lithuanian veidas (“face; appearance, aspect, look”), Belarusian ве́даць (vjédacʹ, “to know”), Bulgarian вям (vjam, “to know”), Czech vědět (“to know”), Polish wiedzieć (“to know”), Russian ве́дать (védatʹ, “to know”), Serbo-Croatian vedeti, viedieti (“to know”), Slovak vedieť (“to know”), Slovene vedeti (“to know”), Ukrainian ві́дати (vídaty, “to know”), Armenian գիտեմ (gitem, “I know”), գիտենալ (gitenal), գիտնալ (gitnal, “to know”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛 (vaēd, “find”), 𐬬𐬌𐬛 (vid, “to know”), Persian نوید (navid / nawīd, nuwēd, “invitation; annunciation; good news”), Tocharian A ime (“awareness, consciousness, memory, thought”), Tocharian B īme (“awareness, consciousness, memory, thought”), ūwe (“educated, learned, knowledgeable”), Sanskrit वेदस् (vedas, “knowledge, science; property, wealth”). Compare wit.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*weyd-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionwysenm
- Inherited-form mentionwīsang · wise
- Inherited-form mention*wīsazgem-pro · knowledgeable, wise
- Inherited-form mention*wéydosine-pro · seeing; knowledge
- Cognate mentionwiisfy · wise
- Cognate mentionwijsnl · wise
- Cognate mentionweisde
- Cognate mentionwiesnds · wise; clever
- Cognate mentionvísis · wise; certain
- Cognate mention*𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃got · wise
- Cognate mentionfiosga · knowledge; information
- Cognate mentionfysgv · knowledge; information
- Cognate mentionfhiosgd
- Cognate mentiongwyscy
- Cognate mentionvideōla · to look, perceive, see; to note, observe; to comprehend, understand
- Cognate mentionείδοςel · form, kind, type
- Cognate mentionvizësq · line, stripe, track; dash
- Cognate mentionveidslv · form, kind, mode, type
- Cognate mentionveidaslt · face; appearance, aspect, look
- Cognate mentionве́дацьbe · to know
- Cognate mentionвямbg · to know
- Cognate mentionvědětcs · to know
- Cognate mentionwiedziećpl · to know
- Cognate mentionве́датьru · to know
- Cognate mentionvedetish
- Cognate mentionvedieťsk · to know
- Cognate mentionvedetisl · to know
- Cognate mentionві́датиuk · to know
- Cognate mentionգիտեմhy · I know
- Cognate mention𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛ae · find
- Cognate mentionنویدfa · invitation; annunciation; good news
- Cognate mentionimexto · awareness, consciousness, memory, thought
- Cognate mentionīmetxb · awareness, consciousness, memory, thought
- Cognate mentionवेदस्sa · knowledge, science; property, wealth
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyd-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:wys<alt:wys, wyse>",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyd-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *wéydos\nProto-Indo-European *weyd-s-ós\nProto-Germanic *wīsaz\nOld English wīs\nMiddle English wys, wyse\nEnglish wise\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wīsaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wīs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"wys\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"wise\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"wise\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wys"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wys"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wīs",
"t": "wise"
},
"expansion": "Old English wīs (“wise”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wīsaz",
"t": "knowledgeable, wise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wīsaz (“knowledgeable, wise”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wéydos",
"t": "seeing; knowledge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wéydos (“seeing; knowledge”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "wiis",
"t": "wise"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian wiis (“wise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wijs",
"t": "wise"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wijs (“wise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "weis"
},
"expansion": "German weis"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "wies",
"t": "wise; clever"
},
"expansion": "Low German wies (“wise; clever”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb,nn,sv",
"2": "vis",
"t": "wise"
},
"expansion": "Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish vis (“wise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "vís",
"t": "wise; certain"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic vís (“wise; certain”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃",
"t": "wise"
},
"expansion": "Gothic *𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*weis, “wise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "fios",
"t": "knowledge; information"
},
"expansion": "Irish fios (“knowledge; information”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "fys",
"t": "knowledge; information"
},
"expansion": "Manx fys (“knowledge; information”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "fhios"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic fhios"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwys"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwys"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "videō",
"t": "to look, perceive, see; to note, observe; to comprehend, understand"
},
"expansion": "Latin videō (“to look, perceive, see; to note, observe; to comprehend, understand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "είδος",
"t": "form, kind, type"
},
"expansion": "Greek είδος (eídos, “form, kind, type”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "vizë",
"t": "line, stripe, track; dash"
},
"expansion": "Albanian vizë (“line, stripe, track; dash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "veids",
"t": "form, kind, mode, type"
},
"expansion": "Latvian veids (“form, kind, mode, type”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "veidas",
"t": "face; appearance, aspect, look"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian veidas (“face; appearance, aspect, look”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ве́даць",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian ве́даць (vjédacʹ, “to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "вям",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian вям (vjam, “to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vědět",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Czech vědět (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wiedzieć",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Polish wiedzieć (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ве́дать",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Russian ве́дать (védatʹ, “to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "vedeti"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian vedeti"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "vedieť",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Slovak vedieť (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "vedeti",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Slovene vedeti (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ві́дати",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian ві́дати (vídaty, “to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "գիտեմ",
"t": "I know"
},
"expansion": "Armenian գիտեմ (gitem, “I know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛",
"t": "find"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛 (vaēd, “find”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "نوید",
"tr": "navid / nawīd, nuwēd",
"t": "invitation; annunciation; good news"
},
"expansion": "Persian نوید (navid / nawīd, nuwēd, “invitation; annunciation; good news”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ime",
"t": "awareness, consciousness, memory, thought"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ime (“awareness, consciousness, memory, thought”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "īme",
"t": "awareness, consciousness, memory, thought"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B īme (“awareness, consciousness, memory, thought”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वेदस्",
"t": "knowledge, science; property, wealth"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वेदस् (vedas, “knowledge, science; property, wealth”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:wys<alt:wys, wyse>",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyd-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *wéydos\nProto-Indo-European *weyd-s-ós\nProto-Germanic *wīsaz\nOld English wīs\nMiddle English wys, wyse\nEnglish wise"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*weyd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyd-#Proto-Indo-European:_see"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_athematic"
],
[
"*wéydos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéydos"
],
[
"*wīsaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīsaz"
],
[
"wīs",
"wis#Old_English"
],
[
"wys, wyse",
"wys#Middle_English"
],
[
"wys",
"wys#Middle_English"
],
[
"wyse",
"wyse#Middle_English"
],
[
"wīs",
"wis#Old_English"
],
[
"*wīsaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīsaz"
],
[
"*wéydos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéydos"
],
[
"*weyd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyd-"
],
[
"wiis",
"wiis#West_Frisian"
],
[
"wijs",
"wijs#Dutch"
],
[
"weis",
"weis#German"
],
[
"weise",
"weise#German"
],
[
"wies",
"wies#Low_German"
],
[
"Danish",
"vis#Danish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"vis#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"vis#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"vis",
"vis#Swedish"
],
[
"vís",
"vís#Icelandic"
],
[
"*𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃",
"Reconstruction:Gothic/𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃"
],
[
"fios",
"fios#Irish"
],
[
"fys",
"fys#Manx"
],
[
"fhios",
"fhios#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"fios",
"fios#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"gwys",
"gwys#Welsh"
],
[
"gwŷs",
"gwŷs#Welsh"
],
[
"videō",
"video#Latin"
],
[
"είδος",
"είδος#Greek"
],
[
"vizë",
"vizë#Albanian"
],
[
"veids",
"veids#Latvian"
],
[
"veidas",
"veidas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"ве́даць",
"ведаць#Belarusian"
],
[
"вям",
"вям#Bulgarian"
],
[
"vědět",
"vědět#Czech"
],
[
"wiedzieć",
"wiedzieć#Polish"
],
[
"ве́дать",
"ведать#Russian"
],
[
"vedeti",
"vedeti#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"viedieti",
"viedieti#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"vedieť",
"vedieť#Slovak"
],
[
"vedeti",
"vedeti#Slovene"
],
[
"ві́дати",
"відати#Ukrainian"
],
[
"գիտեմ",
"գիտեմ#Armenian"
],
[
"գիտենալ",
"գիտենալ#Armenian"
],
[
"գիտնալ",
"գիտնալ#Armenian"
],
[
"𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛",
"𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛#Avestan"
],
[
"𐬬𐬌𐬛",
"𐬬𐬌𐬛#Avestan"
],
[
"نوید",
"نوید#Persian"
],
[
"ime",
"ime#Tocharian_A"
],
[
"īme",
"īme#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"ūwe",
"ūwe#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"वेदस्",
"वेदस्#Sanskrit"
],
[
"wit",
"wit#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Showing good judgement or the benefit of experience.",
"Disrespectful.",
"Aware, informed (to something)."
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"ironic",
"sarcastic"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 190226
},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To become wise.",
"Usually with \"up\", to inform or learn."
],
"tags": [
"ergative",
"slang"
],
"recordId": "a84fa9d2b8eee4a6f79147d0a3f92d10dd83807fbb1582ed8828edb7bceaf1b8",
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 190227
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 0,
"glosses": 0
}
}