Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗adv
Along, together with others, in a group, etc.
prep
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAgainst. · In the company of; alongside, close to; near to. · In addition to; as an accessory to. · Used to add supplemental information, especially to indicate simultaneous happening, or immediate succession or consequence.
From Middle English with, from Old English wiþ (“against, opposite, toward, with”), from Proto-West Germanic *wiþi, a shortened form of Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (“against”). In Middle English, the word shifted to denote association rather than opposition, displacing Middle English mid (“with”), from Old English mid (“with”), from Proto-Germanic *midi; an earlier model of this meaning shift exists in cognate Old Norse við; elsewhere, the converse meaning shift is exemplified by Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩺𐩬 (byn, “between, amid”) spawning Old South Arabian 𐩨𐩬 (bn, “against”) and even likewise frequent reverse meaning 𐩨𐩬 (bn, “from”). The adverb sense is probably a semantic loan from various other Germanic languages, such as German mit, Norwegian med, and Swedish med.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionwithenm
- Inherited-form mentionwiþang · against, opposite, toward, with
- Inherited-form mention*wiþigmw-pro
- Derivation mention*wiþrągem-pro · against
- Cognate mentionmidenm · with
- Cognate mentionmidang · with
- Cognate mention*midigem-pro
- Derivation mentionviðnon
- Semantic-loan mentionmitde
- Semantic-loan mentionmedno
- Semantic-loan mentionmedsv
This page abbreviates 11 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:wiþ",
"id": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#clipping|Clipping]] of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*wíterom\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*wíteros\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"two\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwóh₁\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dwi-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*wí\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-teros\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wiþrą\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wiþr\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wiþer\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"clipping\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wiþ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"wiþ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"with\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"preposition\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"with\" id=\"English:_preposition\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "with"
},
"expansion": "Middle English with"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wiþ",
"t": "against, opposite, toward, with"
},
"expansion": "Old English wiþ (“against, opposite, toward, with”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wiþi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wiþi"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wiþrą",
"t": "against"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (“against”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "mid",
"t": "with"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mid (“with”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "mid",
"t": "with"
},
"expansion": "Old English mid (“with”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*midi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *midi"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "við"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse við"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sem-srb",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old South Arabian"
},
{
"name": "semantic loan",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "mit",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "German mit"
},
{
"name": "semantic loan",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "no",
"3": "med",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian med"
},
{
"name": "semantic loan",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sv",
"3": "med",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Swedish med"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:wiþ",
"id": "preposition"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"with",
"with#Middle_English"
],
[
"wiþ",
"wiþ#Old_English"
],
[
"*wiþi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wiþi"
],
[
"*wiþrą",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wiþrą"
],
[
"mid",
"mid#Middle_English"
],
[
"mid",
"mid#Old_English"
],
[
"*midi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/midi"
],
[
"við",
"við#Old_Norse"
],
[
"𐩨𐩺𐩬",
"𐩨𐩺𐩬#Minaean"
],
[
"𐩨𐩬",
"𐩨𐩬#Minaean"
],
[
"𐩨𐩬",
"𐩨𐩬#Minaean"
],
[
"mit",
"mit#German"
],
[
"med",
"med#Norwegian"
],
[
"med",
"med#Swedish"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"Along, together with others, in a group, etc."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"informal",
"not-comparable",
"regional"
],
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},
{
"pos": "prep",
"glosses": [
"Against.",
"In the company of; alongside, close to; near to.",
"In addition to; as an accessory to.",
"Used to add supplemental information, especially to indicate simultaneous happening, or immediate succession or consequence."
],
"tags": [],
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}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 11,
"glosses": 0
}
}