Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventorySanity. · The senses. · Intellectual ability; faculty of thinking, reasoning. · The ability to think quickly; mental cleverness, especially under short time constraints.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *weyd- Proto-Indo-European *wóyde Proto-Germanic *witaną Proto-Germanic *witją Proto-West Germanic *witi Old English witt Middle English wit English wit From Middle English wit, witt, wyt, from Old English witt (“mind, sanity, sense, understanding”), from Proto-West Germanic *witi, from Proto-Germanic *witją (“knowledge; reason; wit”), from Proto-Germanic *witaną (“to know”), from Proto-Indo-European *wóyde (“to know”), from *weyd- (“to see”). Cognates Cognate with Dutch wit (“knowledge”), German and Luxembourgish Witz (“joke; humour, wit”), Low German Weet (“knowledge; idea; inkling”), Yiddish וויץ (vits, “joke”), Danish vid (“wit”), Faroese and Icelandic vit (“intelligence, wits; reason, sense; knowledge; awareness, sentience”), Norwegian Bokmål and Swedish vett (“intelligence, sense, wit”), Norwegian Nynorsk vett, vit (“sense, wits”), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌹 (unwiti, “folly, ignorance”); also Breton gouzout (“to know”), Cornish godhvos, goffos (“to know”), Irish feadair (“to know”), Welsh gwybod (“to know”), Latin videō (“to see”), Ancient Greek οἶδ’ (oîd’), οἶδα (oîda, “to know”), Albanian vizë (“line, stripe, track; dash”), Latvian veids (“form, kind, mode, type”), Lithuanian veidas (“face; front; appearance, aspect, look”), Belarusian ве́даць (vjédacʹ, “to know”), Bulgarian вям (vjam, “to know”), Czech vědět (“to know”), Polish wiedzieć (“to know”), Russian ве́дать (védatʹ, “to know”), Serbo-Croatian vedeti, viedieti (“to know”), Slovak vedieť (“to know”), Slovene vedeti (“to know”), Ukrainian ві́дати (vídaty, “to know; to deal, manage”), Armenian գիտեմ (gitem, “I know”), գիտենալ (gitenal), գիտնալ (gitnal, “to know”), Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛 (vaēd, “find”), 𐬬𐬌𐬛 (vid, “know, understand”), Persian نوید (navid / nawīd, nuwēd, “invitation; annunciation; good news”), Tocharian A ime (“awareness, consciousness, memory, thought”), Tocharian B īme (“awareness, consciousness, memory, thought”), ūwe (“educated, knowledgeable, learned”), Sanskrit विद् (vid, “to know; to find; to consider as”). Compare wise.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*weyd-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionwitenm
- Inherited-form mentionwittang · mind, sanity, sense, understanding
- Inherited-form mention*witigmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*witjągem-pro · knowledge; reason; wit
- Derivation mention*witanągem-pro · to know
- Derivation mention*wóydeine-pro · to know
- Cognate mentionwitnl · knowledge
- Cognate mentionWeetnds · knowledge; idea; inkling
- Cognate mentionוויץyi · joke
- Cognate mentionvidda · wit
- Cognate mentionvettnn
- Cognate mention𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌹got · folly, ignorance
- Cognate mentiongouzoutbr · to know
- Cognate mentiongodhvoskw
- Cognate mentionfeadairga · to know
- Cognate mentiongwybodcy · to know
- Cognate mentionvideōla · to see
- Cognate mentionοἶδ’grc
- Cognate mentionvizësq · line, stripe, track; dash
- Cognate mentionveidslv · form, kind, mode, type
- Cognate mentionveidaslt · face; front; appearance, aspect, look
- Cognate mentionве́дацьbe · to know
- Cognate mentionвямbg · to know
- Cognate mentionvědětcs · to know
- Cognate mentionwiedziećpl · to know
- Cognate mentionве́датьru · to know
- Cognate mentionvedetish
- Cognate mentionvedieťsk · to know
- Cognate mentionvedetisl · to know
- Cognate mentionві́датиuk · to know; to deal, manage
- Cognate mentionգիտեմhy · I know
- Cognate mention𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛ae · find
- Cognate mentionنویدfa · invitation; annunciation; good news
- Cognate mentionimexto · awareness, consciousness, memory, thought
- Cognate mentionīmetxb · awareness, consciousness, memory, thought
- Cognate mentionविद्sa · to know; to find; to consider as
This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weyd-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:wit<id:mind><t:mind>",
"id": "mind",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyd-\nProto-Indo-European *wóyde\nProto-Germanic *witaną\nProto-Germanic *witją\nProto-West Germanic *witi\nOld English witt\nMiddle English wit\nEnglish wit\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*witaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*witją\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*witi\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"witt\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"wit\", \"gloss\" : \"mind\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"wit\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"mind\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"wit\" id=\"English:_mind\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wit"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wit"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "witt",
"t": "mind, sanity, sense, understanding"
},
"expansion": "Old English witt (“mind, sanity, sense, understanding”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*witi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *witi"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*witją",
"t": "knowledge; reason; wit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *witją (“knowledge; reason; wit”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*witaną",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *witaną (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wóyde",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wóyde (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wit",
"t": "knowledge"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wit (“knowledge”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de,lb",
"2": "Witz",
"t": "joke; humour, wit"
},
"expansion": "German and Luxembourgish Witz (“joke; humour, wit”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Weet",
"t": "knowledge; idea; inkling"
},
"expansion": "Low German Weet (“knowledge; idea; inkling”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "וויץ",
"t": "joke"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish וויץ (vits, “joke”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vid",
"t": "wit"
},
"expansion": "Danish vid (“wit”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo,is",
"2": "vit",
"t": "intelligence, wits; reason, sense; knowledge; awareness, sentience"
},
"expansion": "Faroese and Icelandic vit (“intelligence, wits; reason, sense; knowledge; awareness, sentience”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb,sv",
"2": "vett",
"t": "intelligence, sense, wit"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål and Swedish vett (“intelligence, sense, wit”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "vett"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk vett"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌹",
"t": "folly, ignorance"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌹 (unwiti, “folly, ignorance”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "gouzout",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Breton gouzout (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "godhvos"
},
"expansion": "Cornish godhvos"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "feadair",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Irish feadair (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gwybod",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Welsh gwybod (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "videō",
"t": "to see"
},
"expansion": "Latin videō (“to see”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "οἶδ’"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek οἶδ’ (oîd’)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "vizë",
"t": "line, stripe, track; dash"
},
"expansion": "Albanian vizë (“line, stripe, track; dash”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "veids",
"t": "form, kind, mode, type"
},
"expansion": "Latvian veids (“form, kind, mode, type”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "veidas",
"t": "face; front; appearance, aspect, look"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian veidas (“face; front; appearance, aspect, look”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "ве́даць",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian ве́даць (vjédacʹ, “to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "вям",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian вям (vjam, “to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "vědět",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Czech vědět (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wiedzieć",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Polish wiedzieć (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ве́дать",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Russian ве́дать (védatʹ, “to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "vedeti"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian vedeti"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "vedieť",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Slovak vedieť (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "vedeti",
"t": "to know"
},
"expansion": "Slovene vedeti (“to know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ві́дати",
"t": "to know; to deal, manage"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian ві́дати (vídaty, “to know; to deal, manage”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "գիտեմ",
"t": "I know"
},
"expansion": "Armenian գիտեմ (gitem, “I know”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛",
"t": "find"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛 (vaēd, “find”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "نوید",
"tr": "navid / nawīd, nuwēd",
"t": "invitation; annunciation; good news"
},
"expansion": "Persian نوید (navid / nawīd, nuwēd, “invitation; annunciation; good news”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ime",
"t": "awareness, consciousness, memory, thought"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ime (“awareness, consciousness, memory, thought”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "īme",
"t": "awareness, consciousness, memory, thought"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B īme (“awareness, consciousness, memory, thought”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "विद्",
"t": "to know; to find; to consider as"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit विद् (vid, “to know; to find; to consider as”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:wit<id:mind><t:mind>",
"id": "mind",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyd-\nProto-Indo-European *wóyde\nProto-Germanic *witaną\nProto-Germanic *witją\nProto-West Germanic *witi\nOld English witt\nMiddle English wit\nEnglish wit"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*weyd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyd-#Proto-Indo-European:_see"
],
[
"*wóyde",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wóyde#Proto-Indo-European:_know"
],
[
"*witaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/witaną"
],
[
"*witją",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/witją"
],
[
"*witi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/witi"
],
[
"witt",
"witt#Old_English"
],
[
"wit",
"wit#Middle_English:_mind"
],
[
"wit",
"wit#Middle_English"
],
[
"witt",
"witt#Middle_English"
],
[
"wyt",
"wyt#Middle_English"
],
[
"witt",
"witt#Old_English"
],
[
"*witi",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/witi"
],
[
"*witją",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/witją"
],
[
"*witaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/witaną"
],
[
"*wóyde",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wóyde"
],
[
"*weyd-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyd-"
],
[
"wit",
"wit#Dutch"
],
[
"German",
"Witz#German"
],
[
"Witz",
"Witz#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"Weet",
"Weet#Low_German"
],
[
"וויץ",
"וויץ#Yiddish"
],
[
"vid",
"vid#Danish"
],
[
"Faroese",
"vit#Faroese"
],
[
"vit",
"vit#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"vett#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"vett",
"vett#Swedish"
],
[
"vett",
"vett#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"vit",
"vit#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌹",
"𐌿𐌽𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌹#Gothic"
],
[
"gouzout",
"gouzout#Breton"
],
[
"godhvos",
"godhvos#Cornish"
],
[
"goffos",
"goffos#Cornish"
],
[
"feadair",
"feadair#Irish"
],
[
"gwybod",
"gwybod#Welsh"
],
[
"videō",
"video#Latin"
],
[
"οἶδ’",
"οἶδ'#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"οἶδα",
"οἶδα#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"vizë",
"vizë#Albanian"
],
[
"veids",
"veids#Latvian"
],
[
"veidas",
"veidas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"ве́даць",
"ведаць#Belarusian"
],
[
"вям",
"вям#Bulgarian"
],
[
"vědět",
"vědět#Czech"
],
[
"wiedzieć",
"wiedzieć#Polish"
],
[
"ве́дать",
"ведать#Russian"
],
[
"vedeti",
"vedeti#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"viedieti",
"viedieti#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"vedieť",
"vedieť#Slovak"
],
[
"vedeti",
"vedeti#Slovene"
],
[
"ві́дати",
"відати#Ukrainian"
],
[
"գիտեմ",
"գիտեմ#Armenian"
],
[
"գիտենալ",
"գիտենալ#Armenian"
],
[
"գիտնալ",
"գիտնալ#Armenian"
],
[
"𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛",
"𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛#Avestan"
],
[
"𐬬𐬌𐬛",
"𐬬𐬌𐬛#Avestan"
],
[
"نوید",
"نوید#Persian"
],
[
"ime",
"ime#Tocharian_A"
],
[
"īme",
"īme#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"ūwe",
"ūwe#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"विद्",
"विद्#Sanskrit"
],
[
"wise",
"wise#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Sanity.",
"The senses.",
"Intellectual ability; faculty of thinking, reasoning.",
"The ability to think quickly; mental cleverness, especially under short time constraints."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"plural-normally",
"uncountable"
],
"recordId": "f445039e96353d40a095583706e786de4af4a39fe9ab0e74980598bf07e6159a",
"rawRecordSha256": "371e27aa3179e5b457ac6e98b2cadcbf0e8cec4794d6a3bc7671fd9ff5ae7a92",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 167322
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 3,
"glosses": 0
}
}