Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo hunt for whales.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos Proto-Germanic *hwalaz Proto-West Germanic *hwal Old English hwæl Middle English whal English whale From Middle English whal, whale, from Old English hwæl (“whale”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwal, from Proto-Germanic *hwalaz (“whale”) (compare German Wal, Swedish val, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål hval, Norwegian Nynorsk kval; compare also Dutch walvis, West Frisian walfisk, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”) (compare German Wels, Latin squalus (“big sea fish”), Old Prussian kalis, Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”)).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionwhalenm
- Inherited-form mentionhwælang
- Inherited-form mention*hwalgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*hwalazgem-pro
- Cognate mentionWalde
- Cognate mentionvalsv
- Cognate mentionkvalnn
- Cognate mentionwalvisnl
- Cognate mentionwalfiskfy
- Inherited-form mention*(s)kʷálosine-pro
- Cognate mentionWelsde
- Cognate mentionsqualusla
- Cognate mentionkalisprg
- Cognate mentionἄσπαλοςgrc
- Cognate mention𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀ae
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:whal",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos\nProto-Germanic *hwalaz\nProto-West Germanic *hwal\nOld English hwæl\nMiddle English whal\nEnglish whale\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hwalaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*hwal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"hwæl\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"whal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"whale\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"whale\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "whal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English whal"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hwæl",
"4": "",
"5": "whale"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwæl (“whale”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hwal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hwal"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hwalaz",
"4": "",
"5": "whale"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwalaz (“whale”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wal"
},
"expansion": "German Wal"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "val"
},
"expansion": "Swedish val"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb",
"2": "hval"
},
"expansion": "Danish and Norwegian Bokmål hval"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kval"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk kval"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "walvis"
},
"expansion": "Dutch walvis"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "walfisk"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian walfisk"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kʷálos",
"4": "",
"5": "sheatfish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wels"
},
"expansion": "German Wels"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "squalus",
"3": "",
"4": "big sea fish"
},
"expansion": "Latin squalus (“big sea fish”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kalis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kalis"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄσπαλος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀",
"3": "",
"4": "kind of fish"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:whal",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos\nProto-Germanic *hwalaz\nProto-West Germanic *hwal\nOld English hwæl\nMiddle English whal\nEnglish whale"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*(s)kʷálos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kʷálos"
],
[
"*hwalaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwalaz#Proto-Germanic:_whale"
],
[
"*hwal",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hwal"
],
[
"hwæl",
"hwæl#Old_English"
],
[
"whal",
"whal#Middle_English"
],
[
"whal",
"whal#Middle_English"
],
[
"whale",
"whale#Middle_English"
],
[
"hwæl",
"hwæl#Old_English"
],
[
"*hwal",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hwal"
],
[
"*hwalaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwalaz"
],
[
"Wal",
"Wal#German"
],
[
"val",
"val#Swedish"
],
[
"Danish",
"hval#Danish"
],
[
"hval",
"hval#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"kval",
"kval#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"walvis",
"walvis#Dutch"
],
[
"walfisk",
"walfisk#West_Frisian"
],
[
"*(s)kʷálos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kʷálos"
],
[
"sheatfish",
"sheatfish"
],
[
"Wels",
"Wels#German"
],
[
"squalus",
"squalus#Latin"
],
[
"kalis",
"kalis#Old_Prussian"
],
[
"ἄσπαλος",
"ἄσπαλος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀",
"𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀#Avestan"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To hunt for whales."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"recordId": "4528afca77cc8df5c1103a3dc5c6bf57768ea55703d405d22b9dfe2318e19f82",
"rawRecordSha256": "06a8dd3e3d80ca02732d92ac199f8cad2191e0b3dadd1c233a2caac3c80962fb",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 174713
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
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}