Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗intj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryUsed as a discourse marker. · Used as a hedge. · Expressing reluctance to say something. · An exclamation of sarcastic surprise (often doubled or tripled and in a lowering intonation).
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *welh₁-der. Proto-Germanic *welazder.? Proto-Germanic *welat? Proto-Germanic *wela Old English wel Middle English wel, wal, wol, wele English well From Middle English wel, wal, wol, wele, from Old English wel (“well, abundantly, very, very easily, very much, fully, quite, nearly”), from Proto-Germanic *wela, *wala (“well”, literally “as wished, as desired”), from Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“wish, desire”). Cognates Cognate with Yola vella, waal, wel, well, wull (“well”), Cimbrian boll, bóol (“well”), Dutch wel (“well”), German wohl, wol, woll (“well”), Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk vel (“well”), Faroese væl (“well”), Swedish väl, waͤl (“well”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰 (waila, “well”). Related to will.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionwelenm
- Inherited-form mentionwelang · well, abundantly, very, very easily, very much, fully, quite, nearly
- Inherited-form mention*welagem-pro
- Derivation mention*welh₁-ine-pro · wish, desire
- Cognate mentionvellayol
- Cognate mentionbollcim
- Cognate mentionwelnl · well
- Cognate mentionwohlde
- Cognate mentionvælfo · well
- Cognate mentionvälsv
- Cognate mention𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰got · well
This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:wel, wal, wol, wele<ety:inh<ang:wel<ety:inh<gem-pro:*wela>>>>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Germanic *welazder.?\nProto-Germanic *welat?\nProto-Germanic *wela\nOld English wel\nMiddle English wel, wal, wol, wele\nEnglish well\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*welh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*welaz\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*welat\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wela\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wel\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"wel, wal, wol, wele\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"well\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"well\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wel"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wel",
"t": "well, abundantly, very, very easily, very much, fully, quite, nearly"
},
"expansion": "Old English wel (“well, abundantly, very, very easily, very much, fully, quite, nearly”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wela"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wela"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welh₁-",
"t": "wish, desire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welh₁- (“wish, desire”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "vella"
},
"expansion": "Yola vella"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "boll"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian boll"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wel",
"t": "well"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wel (“well”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "wohl"
},
"expansion": "German wohl"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,is,nb,nn",
"2": "vel",
"t": "well"
},
"expansion": "Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk vel (“well”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "væl",
"t": "well"
},
"expansion": "Faroese væl (“well”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "väl"
},
"expansion": "Swedish väl"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰",
"t": "well"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰 (waila, “well”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "['enm:', <LINK(['wel']){} >, ', ', <LINK(['wal']){} >, ', ', <LINK(['wol']){} >, ', ', <LINK(['wele']){} >, '<ety:inh<ang:wel<ety:inh<gem-pro:*wela>>>>']",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *welh₁-der.\nProto-Germanic *welazder.?\nProto-Germanic *welat?\nProto-Germanic *wela\nOld English wel\nMiddle English wel, wal, wol, wele\nEnglish well"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*welh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₁-"
],
[
"*welaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/welaz"
],
[
"*welat",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/welat"
],
[
"*wela",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wela"
],
[
"wel",
"wel#Old_English"
],
[
"wel",
"wel#Middle_English"
],
[
"wal",
"wal#Middle_English"
],
[
"wol",
"wol#Middle_English"
],
[
"wele",
"wele#Middle_English"
],
[
"wel",
"wel"
],
[
"wal",
"wal"
],
[
"wol",
"wol"
],
[
"wele",
"wele"
],
[
"wel",
"wel#Middle_English"
],
[
"wal",
"wal#Middle_English"
],
[
"wol",
"wol#Middle_English"
],
[
"wele",
"wele#Middle_English"
],
[
"wel",
"wel#Old_English"
],
[
"*wela",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wela"
],
[
"*wala",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wala"
],
[
"*welh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₁-"
],
[
"vella",
"vella#Yola"
],
[
"waal",
"waal#Yola"
],
[
"wel",
"wel#Yola"
],
[
"well",
"well#Yola"
],
[
"wull",
"wull#Yola"
],
[
"boll",
"boll#Cimbrian"
],
[
"bóol",
"bóol#Cimbrian"
],
[
"wel",
"wel#Dutch"
],
[
"wohl",
"wohl#German"
],
[
"wol",
"wol#German"
],
[
"woll",
"woll#German"
],
[
"Danish",
"vel#Danish"
],
[
"Icelandic",
"vel#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"vel#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"vel",
"vel#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"væl",
"væl#Faroese"
],
[
"väl",
"väl#Swedish"
],
[
"waͤl",
"waͤl#Swedish"
],
[
"𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰",
"𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰#Gothic"
],
[
"will",
"will#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "bhuel",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "intj",
"glosses": [
"Used as a discourse marker.",
"Used as a hedge.",
"Expressing reluctance to say something.",
"An exclamation of sarcastic surprise (often doubled or tripled and in a lowering intonation)."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "a307c5466be8b5971ce53e5ebba581fb87eb8dedd5eae3cea161b0657fc8859f",
"rawRecordSha256": "2069b81d91f5a97a3112d1629be9795c7eab738023b93cd84b11285ec15da340",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 145997
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 3,
"glosses": 0
}
}