English word origin

Etymology of wark

From Middle English werk, warch, from Old English wærc, wræc (“pain, suffering, anguish”), from Proto-Germanic *warkiz (“pain”), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make, work, act”). Cognate with Swedish värk (“ache, p

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗

In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗

noun

Pain; ache.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentionwerkenm
Inherited-form mentionwærcang
Inherited-form mention*warkizgem-pro
Derivation mention*werǵ-ine-pro
Cognate mentionvärksv
Cognate mentionverkuris

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "werk"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English werk"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wærc"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wærc"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*warkiz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *warkiz (“pain”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*werǵ-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to make, work, act"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (“to make, work, act”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "värk",
        "3": "",
        "4": "ache, pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish värk (“ache, pain”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "verkur",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic verkur (“pain”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "werk",
      "werk#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "warch",
      "warch#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "wærc",
      "wærc#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "wræc",
      "wræc#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*warkiz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warkiz"
    ],
    [
      "*werǵ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/werǵ-"
    ],
    [
      "värk",
      "värk#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "verkur",
      "verkur#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "work",
      "work#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Pain; ache."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Northern-England",
        "Scotland",
        "UK",
        "dialectal"
      ],
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗

verb

To be in pain; ache.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English werken, warchen, from Old English wærcan (“to be in pain”). Cognate with Swedish värka (“to ache, pain”), Icelandic verkja (“to pain”). See above.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inherited-form mentionwerkenenm
Inherited-form mentionwærcanang
Cognate mentionvärkasv
Cognate mentionverkjais

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "werken"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English werken"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "wærcan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be in pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English wærcan (“to be in pain”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "värka",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to ache, pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish värka (“to ache, pain”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "verkja",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to pain"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic verkja (“to pain”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "werken",
      "werken#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "warchen",
      "warchen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "wærcan",
      "wærcan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "värka",
      "värka#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "verkja",
      "verkja#Icelandic"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To be in pain; ache."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ],
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}

Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗

noun

Work. · A building.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

See work.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [],
  "links": [
    [
      "work",
      "work#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
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      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Work.",
        "A building."
      ],
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      ],
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for wark →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger

Machine-source provenance

Source SHA-256: 5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run: 73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID: w-d2Fyaw