Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
A rampart of earth, stones etc. built up for defensive purposes. · A structure built for defense surrounding a city, castle etc. · Each of the substantial structures acting either as the exterior of or divisions within a structure. · A point of desperation.
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo enclose with, or as if with, a wall or walls. · To use a wallhack. · To wallbang.
From Middle English wal, from Old English weall (“wall, dike, earthwork, rampart, dam, rocky shore, cliff”), from Proto-West Germanic *wall (“wall, rampart, entrenchment”), from Latin vallum (“wall, rampart, entrenchment, palisade”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Perhaps conflated with waw (“a wall within a house or dwelling, a room partition”), from Middle English wawe, from Old English wāg, wāh (“an interior wall, divider”), see waw. Cognate with North Frisian wal (“wall”), Saterland Frisian Waal (“wall, rampart, mound”), Dutch wal (“wall, rampart, embankment”), German Wall (“rampart, mound, embankment”), Swedish vall (“mound, wall, bank”). More at wallow, walk.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionwalenm
- Inherited-form mentionweallang · wall, dike, earthwork, rampart, dam, rocky shore, cliff
- Inherited-form mention*wallgmw-pro · wall, rampart, entrenchment
- Derivation mentionvallumla · wall, rampart, entrenchment, palisade
- Derivation mention*welH-ine-pro · to turn, wind, roll
- Cognate mentionwalfrr · wall
- Cognate mentionWaalstq · wall, rampart, mound
- Cognate mentionwalnl · wall, rampart, embankment
- Cognate mentionWallde · rampart, mound, embankment
- Cognate mentionvallsv · mound, wall, bank
This page abbreviates 19 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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{
"name": "senseno",
"args": {
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"2": "barrier",
"etym": "0"
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"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:wal<id:wall>",
"id": "rampart"
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"args": {
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"expansion": "Middle English wal"
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{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "weall",
"t": "wall, dike, earthwork, rampart, dam, rocky shore, cliff"
},
"expansion": "Old English weall (“wall, dike, earthwork, rampart, dam, rocky shore, cliff”)"
},
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"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wall",
"t": "wall, rampart, entrenchment"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wall (“wall, rampart, entrenchment”)"
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"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
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"3": "vallum",
"t": "wall, rampart, entrenchment, palisade"
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"expansion": "Latin vallum (“wall, rampart, entrenchment, palisade”)"
},
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"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-",
"t": "to turn, wind, roll"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”)"
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"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wawe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wawe"
},
{
"name": "noncog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wāg"
},
"expansion": "Old English wāg"
},
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"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "wal",
"t": "wall"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian wal (“wall”)"
},
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"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Waal",
"t": "wall, rampart, mound"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian Waal (“wall, rampart, mound”)"
},
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"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "wal",
"t": "wall, rampart, embankment"
},
"expansion": "Dutch wal (“wall, rampart, embankment”)"
},
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"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wall",
"t": "rampart, mound, embankment"
},
"expansion": "German Wall (“rampart, mound, embankment”)"
},
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"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "vall",
"t": "mound, wall, bank"
},
"expansion": "Swedish vall (“mound, wall, bank”)"
},
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"3": "enm:wal<id:wall>",
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}
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],
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]
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"A rampart of earth, stones etc. built up for defensive purposes.",
"A structure built for defense surrounding a city, castle etc.",
"Each of the substantial structures acting either as the exterior of or divisions within a structure.",
"A point of desperation."
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"To enclose with, or as if with, a wall or walls.",
"To use a wallhack.",
"To wallbang."
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