Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To move on the feet by alternately setting each foot (or pair or group of feet: in the case of some non-human animals with four or more feet) forward, with at least one foot on the ground at all times. Compare run. · To "walk free", i.e. to win, or avoid, a criminal court case, particularly when actually guilty. · Of an object, to go missing or be stolen. · To walk off the field, as if given out, after the fielding side appeals and before the umpire has ruled; done as a matter of sportsmanship when the batsman believes he is out.
From Middle English walk, walke, walken, walkyn, wolken (“to roll, toss, or turn; to walk; to move; to be living; to beat or full; to perform”), a conflation of Old English wealcan (“to move around; to revolve; to roll; to fluctuate; to discuss”) (ġewealcan (“to go, traverse; to roll”)) and Old English wealcian (“to curl, roll up, twist; to wrinkle”); both from Proto-West Germanic *walkan, from Proto-Germanic *walkaną (“to roll, toss, turn, wind; to walk, wander, wend; to full, trample”), *walkōną (“to roll about; to full”), from Proto-Indo-European *walg- (“to twist, turn, move”). Cognates Cognate with Bavarian woikn (“to full, tan; to knead dough; to roll out dough”), Cimbrian balchan (“to beat, hit, strike”), Dutch zwalken (“to walk around”), German walken (“to full, tan, walk; to knead; to beat up”), Danish valke (“to full, walk, waulk”), Faroese válka (“make dirty; stir up dirt”), Swedish valka (“to full cloth, to waulk”); also Latin valgus (“bent out; bandy, bow-legged”). More at vagrant and whelk. Doublet of waulk.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*welH-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionwalkenm
- Inherited-form mentionwealcanang · to move around; to revolve; to roll; to fluctuate; to discuss
- Inherited-form mentionwealcianang · to curl, roll up, twist; to wrinkle
- Inherited-form mention*walkangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*walkanągem-pro · to roll, toss, turn, wind; to walk, wander, wend; to full, trample
- Derivation mention*walg-ine-pro · to twist, turn, move
- Cognate mentionwoiknbar · to full, tan; to knead dough; to roll out dough
- Cognate mentionbalchancim · to beat, hit, strike
- Cognate mentionzwalkennl · to walk around
- Cognate mentionwalkende · to full, tan, walk; to knead; to beat up
- Cognate mentionvalkeda · to full, walk, waulk
- Cognate mentionválkafo · make dirty; stir up dirt
- Cognate mentionvalkasv · to full cloth, to waulk
- Cognate mentionvalgusla · bent out; bandy, bow-legged
This page abbreviates 19 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "walk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English walk"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wealcan",
"t": "to move around; to revolve; to roll; to fluctuate; to discuss"
},
"expansion": "Old English wealcan (“to move around; to revolve; to roll; to fluctuate; to discuss”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wealcian",
"t": "to curl, roll up, twist; to wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Old English wealcian (“to curl, roll up, twist; to wrinkle”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*walkan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *walkan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*walkaną",
"t": "to roll, toss, turn, wind; to walk, wander, wend; to full, trample"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *walkaną (“to roll, toss, turn, wind; to walk, wander, wend; to full, trample”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*walg-",
"t": "to twist, turn, move"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *walg- (“to twist, turn, move”)"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "woikn",
"t": "to full, tan; to knead dough; to roll out dough"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian woikn (“to full, tan; to knead dough; to roll out dough”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "balchan",
"t": "to beat, hit, strike"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian balchan (“to beat, hit, strike”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zwalken",
"t": "to walk around"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zwalken (“to walk around”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "walken",
"t": "to full, tan, walk; to knead; to beat up"
},
"expansion": "German walken (“to full, tan, walk; to knead; to beat up”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "valke",
"t": "to full, walk, waulk"
},
"expansion": "Danish valke (“to full, walk, waulk”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "válka",
"t": "make dirty; stir up dirt"
},
"expansion": "Faroese válka (“make dirty; stir up dirt”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "valka",
"t": "to full cloth, to waulk"
},
"expansion": "Swedish valka (“to full cloth, to waulk”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "valgus",
"t": "bent out; bandy, bow-legged"
},
"expansion": "Latin valgus (“bent out; bandy, bow-legged”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"walk",
"walk#Middle_English"
],
[
"walke",
"walke#Middle_English"
],
[
"walken",
"walken#Middle_English"
],
[
"walkyn",
"walkyn#Middle_English"
],
[
"wolken",
"wolken#Middle_English"
],
[
"wealcan",
"wealcan#Old_English"
],
[
"ġewealcan",
"gewealcan#Old_English"
],
[
"wealcian",
"wealcian#Old_English"
],
[
"*walkan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/walkan"
],
[
"*walkaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/walkaną"
],
[
"*walkōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/walkōną"
],
[
"*walg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/walg-"
],
[
"woikn",
"woikn#Bavarian"
],
[
"balchan",
"balchan#Cimbrian"
],
[
"zwalken",
"zwalken#Dutch"
],
[
"walken",
"walken#German"
],
[
"valke",
"valke#Danish"
],
[
"válka",
"válka#Faroese"
],
[
"valka",
"valka#Swedish"
],
[
"valgus",
"valgus#Latin"
],
[
"vagrant",
"vagrant#English"
],
[
"whelk",
"whelk#English"
],
[
"waulk",
"waulk#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Antigua and Barbuda Creole English",
"lang_code": "aig",
"word": "waak"
},
{
"lang": "Chinese Pidgin English",
"lang_code": "cpi",
"word": "walkee"
},
{
"lang": "Jamaican Creole",
"lang_code": "jam",
"word": "waak"
},
{
"lang": "Krio",
"lang_code": "kri",
"word": "waka",
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pichinglis",
"lang_code": "fpe",
"word": "wáka"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Maroon Spirit Language",
"lang_code": "crp-mar",
"word": "waka"
},
{
"lang": "Nigerian Pidgin",
"lang_code": "pcm",
"word": "waka"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "waka",
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"word": "wáka"
},
{
"lang": "Saramaccan",
"lang_code": "srm",
"word": "wáka"
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "wakka",
"raw_tags": [
"superseded"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"word": "wáka"
},
{
"lang": "Saramaccan",
"lang_code": "srm",
"word": "wáka"
}
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To move on the feet by alternately setting each foot (or pair or group of feet: in the case of some non-human animals with four or more feet) forward, with at least one foot on the ground at all times. Compare run.",
"To \"walk free\", i.e. to win, or avoid, a criminal court case, particularly when actually guilty.",
"Of an object, to go missing or be stolen.",
"To walk off the field, as if given out, after the fielding side appeals and before the umpire has ruled; done as a matter of sportsmanship when the batsman believes he is out."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"colloquial",
"euphemistic"
],
"recordId": "27f93a8756388d0fdd67e7af743abba22dc6b857afa70ae66d4f7edbfdf80e92",
"rawRecordSha256": "ed7c11f42db34cccd8ceff6bfe65c4f97252cfc91f2a61a0930a982bd1cedd06",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 167920
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 19,
"glosses": 0
}
}