Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗A ridge or low barrier. · A raised rib in knitted goods or fabric, especially corduroy. · The texture of a piece of fabric. · A horizontal ridge or ledge on the outside planking of a wooden ship, such as a gunwale or a chainwale.
To strike the skin in such a way as to produce a wale or welt. · To beat a person, especially as punishment or out of anger. · To give a surface a texture of wales or welts.
The noun is from Middle English wāle (“planking, welt”), from Old English walu (“ridge, bank; rib, comb (of helmet); metal ridge on top of helmet; weal, mark of a blow”), from Proto-Germanic *waluz (“stick, root”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Akin to Low German wāle; Old Norse vala (“knuckle”). The verb is from late Middle English wālen, from the noun.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wale",
"4": "wāle",
"id": "planking",
"t": "planking, welt"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wāle (“planking, welt”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "walu",
"4": "",
"5": "ridge, bank; rib, comb (of helmet); metal ridge on top of helmet; weal, mark of a blow"
},
"expansion": "Old English walu (“ridge, bank; rib, comb (of helmet); metal ridge on top of helmet; weal, mark of a blow”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*waluz",
"4": "",
"5": "stick, root"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *waluz (“stick, root”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, wind, roll"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wālen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wālen"
}
],
"links": [
[
"wāle",
"wale#Middle_English:_planking"
],
[
"walu",
"walu#Old_English"
],
[
"*waluz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waluz"
],
[
"*welH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welH-"
],
[
"wāle",
"wale#Low_German"
],
[
"vala",
"vala#Old_Norse"
],
[
"wālen",
"walen#Middle_English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A ridge or low barrier.",
"A raised rib in knitted goods or fabric, especially corduroy.",
"The texture of a piece of fabric.",
"A horizontal ridge or ledge on the outside planking of a wooden ship, such as a gunwale or a chainwale."
],
"tags": [],
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},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To strike the skin in such a way as to produce a wale or welt.",
"To beat a person, especially as punishment or out of anger.",
"To give a surface a texture of wales or welts."
],
"tags": [],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 234472
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"lexicalSenses": 4,
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}
}