*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of wax

From Middle English wax, from Old English weax, from Proto-Germanic *wahsą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *woḱ-so-. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Woaks (“wax”), West Frisian waaks (“wax”), Dutch was (“wax”), German

4 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 4 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
adj

Made of wax.

verb

To coat with wax or a similar material. · To form a wax (a thick maple syrup).

noun

Any oily, water-resistant, solid or semisolid substance; normally long-chain hydrocarbons, alcohols or esters. · Beeswax (a wax secreted by bees). · Earwax (a wax secreted by the ears). · Any preparation containing wax, used as a polish.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English wax, from Old English weax, from Proto-Germanic *wahsą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *woḱ-so-. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Woaks (“wax”), West Frisian waaks (“wax”), Dutch was (“wax”), German Wachs (“wax”), German Low German Wass (“wax”), Luxembourgish Wuess (“wax”), Vilamovian wāhs (“wax”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk voks (“wax”), Faroese vaks (“wax”), Icelandic, Swedish vax (“wax”); and with Lithuanian vaškas (“wax”), Proto-Slavic *voskъ (“wax”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionwaxenm
  • Inherited-form mentionweaxang
  • Inherited-form mention*wahsągem-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*woḱ-so-ine-pro
  • Cognate mentionWoaksstq · wax
  • Cognate mentionwaaksfy · wax
  • Cognate mentionwasnl · wax
  • Cognate mentionWachsde · wax
  • Cognate mentionWuesslb · wax
  • Cognate mentionwāhswym · wax
  • Cognate mentionvoksnn · wax
  • Cognate mentionvaksfo · wax
  • Cognate mentionvaxsv · wax
  • Cognate mentionvaškaslt · wax
  • Cognate mention*voskъsla-pro · wax

This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:wax",
        "id": "certain semisolid hydrocarbons"
      },
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    },
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        "2": "enm",
        "3": "wax"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English wax"
    },
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        "3": "weax"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English weax"
    },
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        "2": "gem-pro",
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      },
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      },
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        "1": "lb",
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      },
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    },
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      },
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    },
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      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fo",
        "2": "vaks",
        "t": "wax"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese vaks (“wax”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "vax",
        "t": "wax"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish vax (“wax”)"
    },
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      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "vaškas",
        "t": "wax"
      },
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    },
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      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*voskъ",
        "t": "wax"
      },
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    },
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      "name": "etymon",
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        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:wax",
        "id": "certain semisolid hydrocarbons"
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      "wax",
      "wax#Middle_English"
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      "weax",
      "weax#Old_English"
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      "*wahsą",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wahsą"
    ],
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      "*woḱ-so-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/woḱ-so-"
    ],
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      "Woaks",
      "Woaks#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
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      "waaks",
      "waaks#West_Frisian"
    ],
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      "was",
      "was#Dutch"
    ],
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      "Wachs",
      "Wachs#German"
    ],
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      "Wass",
      "Wass#Low_German"
    ],
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      "Wuess",
      "Wuess#Luxembourgish"
    ],
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      "wāhs",
      "wāhs#Vilamovian"
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      "voks",
      "voks#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
    ],
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      "vaks",
      "vaks#Faroese"
    ],
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      "vax",
      "vax#Swedish"
    ],
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      "vaškas",
      "vaškas#Lithuanian"
    ],
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      "*voskъ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/voskъ"
    ],
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      "Beeswax",
      "beeswax"
    ]
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
verb

To apply wax to (something, such as a shoe, a floor, a car, or an apple), usually to make it shiny. · To remove hair at the roots from (a part of the body) by coating the skin with a film of wax that is then pulled away sharply. · To defeat utterly. · To kill, especially to murder a person.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English waxen, from the noun (see above).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionwaxenenm

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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        "2": "enm",
        "3": "waxen"
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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

The process of growing.

verb

To greaten. · To increasingly assume the specified characteristic. · To appear larger each night as a progression from a new moon to a full moon. · To move from low tide to high tide.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English waxen, from Old English weaxan (“to wax, grow, be fruitful, increase, become powerful, flourish”), from Proto-West Germanic *wahsan, from Proto-Germanic *wahsijaną (“to grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weks- (“to grow, increase”). Cognate with Scots wax (“to grow”), West Frisian waakse (“to greaten”), Low German wassen, Dutch wassen (“to greaten”), German wachsen (“to greaten”), Danish and Norwegian vokse (“to greaten”), Swedish växa (“to greaten”), Icelandic vaxa (“to greaten”), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wahsjan, “to grow”); and with Ancient Greek ἀέξειν (aéxein), Latin auxilium. It is in its turn cognate with augeo. See eke.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionwaxenenm
  • Inherited-form mentionweaxanang · to wax, grow, be fruitful, increase, become powerful, flourish
  • Inherited-form mention*wahsangmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*wahsijanągem-pro · to grow
  • Derivation mention*h₂weks-ine-pro · to grow, increase
  • Cognate mentionwaxsco · to grow
  • Cognate mentionwaaksefy · to greaten
  • Cognate mentionwassennds
  • Cognate mentionwassennl · to greaten
  • Cognate mentionwachsende · to greaten
  • Cognate mentionväxasv · to greaten
  • Cognate mentionvaxais · to greaten
  • Cognate mention𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽got · to grow
  • Cognate mentionἀέξωgrc
  • Cognate mentionauxiliumla
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "name": "etymon",
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        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:waxen",
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      },
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      "name": "inh",
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    },
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      "name": "der",
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        "1": "fy",
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    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
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        "1": "de",
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      },
      "expansion": "German wachsen (“to greaten”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "växa",
        "t": "to greaten"
      },
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    },
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      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "vaxa",
        "t": "to greaten"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic vaxa (“to greaten”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽",
        "t": "to grow"
      },
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    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀέξω",
        "3": "ἀέξειν"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀέξειν (aéxein)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "auxilium"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin auxilium"
    },
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        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:waxen",
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  "links": [
    [
      "waxen",
      "waxen#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "weaxan",
      "weaxan#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*wahsan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wahsan"
    ],
    [
      "*wahsijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wahsijaną"
    ],
    [
      "*h₂weks-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂weks-"
    ],
    [
      "wax",
      "wax#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "waakse",
      "waakse#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "wassen",
      "wassen#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "wassen",
      "wassen#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "wachsen",
      "wachsen#German"
    ],
    [
      "vokse",
      "vokse#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "växa",
      "växa#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "vaxa",
      "vaxa#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽",
      "𐍅𐌰𐌷𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
    ],
    [
      "ἀέξειν",
      "ἀέξω#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "auxilium",
      "auxilium#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "augeo",
      "augeo#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "eke",
      "eke#Etymology 1"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
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        "The process of growing."
      ],
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      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To greaten.",
        "To increasingly assume the specified characteristic.",
        "To appear larger each night as a progression from a new moon to a full moon.",
        "To move from low tide to high tide."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "literary",
        "copulative"
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}

Source etymology 4

Original entry ↗
noun

An outburst of anger, a loss of temper, a fit of rage.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Uncertain; probably from phrases like to wax angry, wax wode, and similar (see Etymology 2, above).

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
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      "wax wode",
      "wax wode#English"
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  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "An outburst of anger, a loss of temper, a fit of rage."
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for wax →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-d2F4