Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryCanis lupus; the largest wild member of the canine subfamily. · Any of several related canines that resemble Canis lupus in appearance, especially those of the genus Canis. · A man who makes amorous advances to many women. · A wolf tone or wolf note.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *wl̥kʷós? Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos Proto-Germanic *wulfaz Proto-West Germanic *wulf Old English wulf Middle English wolf English wolf Inherited from Middle English wolf, from Old English wulf, ƿulf, from Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos. Doublet of lobo and lupus. Cognates Cognate with Scots wouf, North Frisian wulew, Saterland Frisian and German Low German Wulf, West Frisian, Alemannic German, and Dutch wolf, Bavarian bolf, bölf, Woif, Cimbrian and Mòcheno bolf, German Wolf, Luxembourgish Wollef, Vilamovian wuf, Yiddish וואָלף (volf), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk ulv, Faroese úlvur, Icelandic úlfur, Swedish ulf, ulv, Gothic 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃 (wulfs); also Irish and Scottish Gaelic olc (“bad, evil”), Lepontic 𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔 (ulkos), Manx olk (“bad”), Sanskrit वृक (vṛ́ka), Persian گرگ (gorg), Latgalian vylks, Latvian vìlks, Lithuanian vilkas, Belarusian воўк (vowk), Bulgarian вълк (vălk), Czech and Slovak vlk, Macedonian and Russian волк (volk), Polish wilk, Serbo-Croatian вук, vuk, Slovene volk, Ukrainian вовк (vovk), Albanian ujk, ulk, Latin lupus, Greek λύκος (lýkos), Hittite 𒉿𒀠𒆪𒉿𒀸, Lydian 𐤥𐤠𐤩𐤥𐤤 (walwe, “lion”), Tocharian B walkwe.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionwolfenm
- Inherited-form mentionwulfang
- Inherited-form mention*wulfgmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*wulfazgem-pro
- Inherited-form mention*wĺ̥kʷosine-pro
- Doublet mentionloboen
- Doublet mentionlupusen
- Cognate mentionwoufsco
- Cognate mentionwulewfrr
- Cognate mentionbolfbar
- Cognate mentionWolfde
- Cognate mentionWolleflb
- Cognate mentionwufwym
- Cognate mentionוואָלףyi
- Cognate mentionúlvurfo
- Cognate mentionúlfuris
- Cognate mentionulfsv
- Cognate mention𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃got
- Cognate mention𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔xlp
- Cognate mentionolkgv · bad
- Cognate mentionवृकsa
- Cognate mentionگرگfa
- Cognate mentionvylksltg
- Cognate mentionvìlkslv
- Cognate mentionvilkaslt
- Cognate mentionвоўкbe
- Cognate mentionвълкbg
- Cognate mentionwilkpl
- Cognate mentionвукsh
- Cognate mentionvolksl
- Cognate mentionвовкuk
- Cognate mentionujksq
- Cognate mentionlupusla
- Cognate mentionλύκοςel
- Cognate mention𒉿𒀠𒆪𒉿𒀸hit
- Cognate mention𐤥𐤠𐤩𐤥𐤤xld · lion
- Cognate mentionwalkwetxb
This page abbreviates 6 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:wolf",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wl̥kʷós?\nProto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos\nProto-Germanic *wulfaz\nProto-West Germanic *wulf\nOld English wulf\nMiddle English wolf\nEnglish wolf\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wulfaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*wulf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"wulf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"wolf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"wolf\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"wolf\">"
},
{
"name": "yesno",
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I"
},
{
"name": "glossary",
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wolf",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": "",
"id": "",
"sc": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"nocat": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English wolf"
},
{
"name": "inh+",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English wolf"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wulf"
},
"expansion": "Old English wulf"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wulf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wulf"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wulfaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wulfaz"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lobo",
"3": "lupus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lobo and lupus"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "wouf"
},
"expansion": "Scots wouf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "wulew"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian wulew"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq,nds-de",
"2": "Wulf"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian and German Low German Wulf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy,gsw,nl",
"2": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian, Alemannic German, and Dutch wolf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "bolf"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian bolf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim,mhn",
"2": "bolf"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian and Mòcheno bolf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wolf"
},
"expansion": "German Wolf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Wollef"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish Wollef"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "wuf"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian wuf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "וואָלף"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish וואָלף (volf)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb,nn",
"2": "ulv"
},
"expansion": "Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, and Norwegian Nynorsk ulv"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "úlvur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese úlvur"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "úlfur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic úlfur"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ulf"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ulf"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃 (wulfs)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ga,gd",
"2": "olc",
"t": "bad, evil"
},
"expansion": "Irish and Scottish Gaelic olc (“bad, evil”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xlp",
"2": "𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔"
},
"expansion": "Lepontic 𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔 (ulkos)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "olk",
"t": "bad"
},
"expansion": "Manx olk (“bad”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वृक",
"tr": "vṛ́ka"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit वृक (vṛ́ka)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "گرگ",
"tr": "gorg"
},
"expansion": "Persian گرگ (gorg)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "vylks"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian vylks"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "vìlks"
},
"expansion": "Latvian vìlks"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vilkas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian vilkas"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "воўк"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian воўк (vowk)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "вълк"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian вълк (vălk)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs,sk",
"2": "vlk"
},
"expansion": "Czech and Slovak vlk"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mk,ru",
"2": "волк"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian and Russian волк (volk)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wilk"
},
"expansion": "Polish wilk"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "вук"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian вук"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "volk"
},
"expansion": "Slovene volk"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "вовк"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian вовк (vovk)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ujk"
},
"expansion": "Albanian ujk"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lupus"
},
"expansion": "Latin lupus"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "λύκος"
},
"expansion": "Greek λύκος (lýkos)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒉿𒀠𒆪𒉿𒀸"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒉿𒀠𒆪𒉿𒀸"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xld",
"2": "𐤥𐤠𐤩𐤥𐤤",
"t": "lion"
},
"expansion": "Lydian 𐤥𐤠𐤩𐤥𐤤 (walwe, “lion”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "walkwe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B walkwe"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:wolf",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wl̥kʷós?\nProto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos\nProto-Germanic *wulfaz\nProto-West Germanic *wulf\nOld English wulf\nMiddle English wolf\nEnglish wolf"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*wl̥kʷós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wl̥kʷós"
],
[
"*wĺ̥kʷos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wĺ̥kʷos"
],
[
"*wulfaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wulfaz"
],
[
"*wulf",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wulf"
],
[
"wulf",
"wulf#Old_English"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf#Middle_English"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf#Middle_English"
],
[
"wulf",
"wulf#Old_English"
],
[
"ƿulf",
"wulf#Old_English"
],
[
"*wulf",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wulf"
],
[
"*wulfaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wulfaz"
],
[
"*wĺ̥kʷos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wĺ̥kʷos"
],
[
"lobo",
"lobo#English"
],
[
"lupus",
"lupus#English"
],
[
"wouf",
"wouf#Scots"
],
[
"wulew",
"wulew#North_Frisian"
],
[
"Saterland Frisian",
"Wulf#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"Wulf",
"Wulf#Low_German"
],
[
"West Frisian",
"wolf#West_Frisian"
],
[
"Alemannic German",
"wolf#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"wolf",
"wolf#Dutch"
],
[
"bolf",
"bolf#Bavarian"
],
[
"bölf",
"bölf#Bavarian"
],
[
"Woif",
"Woif#Bavarian"
],
[
"Cimbrian",
"bolf#Cimbrian"
],
[
"bolf",
"bolf#Mòcheno"
],
[
"Wolf",
"Wolf#German"
],
[
"Wollef",
"Wollef#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"wuf",
"wuf#Vilamovian"
],
[
"וואָלף",
"וואָלף#Yiddish"
],
[
"Danish",
"ulv#Danish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"ulv#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"ulv",
"ulv#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"úlvur",
"úlvur#Faroese"
],
[
"úlfur",
"úlfur#Icelandic"
],
[
"ulf",
"ulf#Swedish"
],
[
"ulv",
"ulv#Swedish"
],
[
"𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃",
"𐍅𐌿𐌻𐍆𐍃#Gothic"
],
[
"Irish",
"olc#Irish"
],
[
"olc",
"olc#Scottish_Gaelic"
],
[
"𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔",
"𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔#Lepontic"
],
[
"olk",
"olk#Manx"
],
[
"वृक",
"वृक#Sanskrit"
],
[
"گرگ",
"گرگ#Persian"
],
[
"vylks",
"vylks#Latgalian"
],
[
"vìlks",
"vilks#Latvian"
],
[
"vilkas",
"vilkas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"воўк",
"воўк#Belarusian"
],
[
"вълк",
"вълк#Bulgarian"
],
[
"Czech",
"vlk#Czech"
],
[
"vlk",
"vlk#Slovak"
],
[
"Macedonian",
"волк#Macedonian"
],
[
"волк",
"волк#Russian"
],
[
"wilk",
"wilk#Polish"
],
[
"вук",
"вук#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"vuk",
"vuk#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"volk",
"volk#Slovene"
],
[
"вовк",
"вовк#Ukrainian"
],
[
"ujk",
"ujk#Albanian"
],
[
"ulk",
"ulk#Albanian"
],
[
"lupus",
"lupus#Latin"
],
[
"λύκος",
"λύκος#Greek"
],
[
"𒉿𒀠𒆪𒉿𒀸",
"𒉿𒀠𒆪𒉿𒀸#Hittite"
],
[
"𐤥𐤠𐤩𐤥𐤤",
"𐤥𐤠𐤩𐤥𐤤#Lydian"
],
[
"walkwe",
"walkwe#Tocharian_B"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"word": "volfo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"word": "oļip",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Canis lupus; the largest wild member of the canine subfamily.",
"Any of several related canines that resemble Canis lupus in appearance, especially those of the genus Canis.",
"A man who makes amorous advances to many women.",
"A wolf tone or wolf note."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"recordId": "1ad24331aa76ec8f01d85053fb8b81877c29e35a9f87f8948cf7b4bc2d1dd361",
"rawRecordSha256": "dba838e375e954f8ecd5201366a498c3a5a2a69cd453e3ef9f96b2c5ccdd66da",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 4303
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 6,
"glosses": 0
}
}