Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗A crosspiece forming a step of a ladder; a round. · A crosspiece between legs of a chair. · A position in a hierarchy. · A floor timber in a ship.
From Middle English rung, from Old English hrung, from Proto-West Germanic *hrungu, from Proto-Germanic *hrungō. Cognate with Dutch rong (“pole, stanchion”), German Runge (“stake, pole, stanchion”), Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌰 (hrugga, “a staff”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rung"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rung"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrung"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrung"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hrungu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrungu"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrungō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrungō"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rong",
"t": "pole, stanchion"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rong (“pole, stanchion”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Runge",
"t": "stake, pole, stanchion"
},
"expansion": "German Runge (“stake, pole, stanchion”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌷𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌰",
"t": "a staff"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌷𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌰 (hrugga, “a staff”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"rung",
"rung#Middle_English"
],
[
"hrung",
"hrung#Old_English"
],
[
"*hrungu",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hrungu"
],
[
"*hrungō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrungō"
],
[
"rong",
"rong#Dutch"
],
[
"Runge",
"Runge#German"
],
[
"𐌷𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌰",
"𐌷𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌲𐌰#Gothic"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "runga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A crosspiece forming a step of a ladder; a round.",
"A crosspiece between legs of a chair.",
"A position in a hierarchy.",
"A floor timber in a ship."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"dated"
],
"recordId": "a358dca06be45bb1f5271fd0e1138e8a11786f70bdc07f3c5b6656c9f013985b",
"rawRecordSha256": "bf9da0a4fe13deb17dad8a5b228732c178b2abb1119267b963b130c7b0f0aa35",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 34071
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 3,
"glosses": 0
}
}