Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗past participle of rin
In a liquid state; melted or molten. · Cast in a mould. · Exhausted; depleted (especially with "down" or "out"). · Travelled, migrated; having made a migration or a spawning run.
Act or instance of running, of moving rapidly using the feet. · Act or instance of hurrying (to or from a place) (not necessarily on foot); dash or errand, trip. · A pleasure trip. · Flight, instance or period of fleeing.
From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen, yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to boil, churn”). Cognate with Scots rin (“to run”), West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”), archaic Dutch rinnen (“to flow”, still in geronnen), German rinnen (“to flow”), Swedish rinna (“to flow”), and Icelandic renna (“to flow”). From the causative Proto-Germanic *rannijaną (“to make run”) are Dutch rennen, German rennen, Danish rende, Swedish ränna (all “to run”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian rend (“to run, run after”), Persian راندن (rândan, “to move, set in motion”). See also random.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*h₃er-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionrunnenenm
- Cognate mentionrinnenenm · to run
- Inherited-form mentionrinnanang
- Derivation mentionrinnanon · to run
- Inherited-form mention*rinnanągem-pro · to run
- Derivation mention*h₃reyH-ine-pro · to boil, churn
- Cognate mentionrinsco
- Cognate mentionrinnefy
- Cognate mentionrinnennl
- Cognate mentionrinnende · to flow
- Cognate mentionrinnasv · to flow
- Cognate mentionrennais · to flow
- Cognate mentionrennennl
- Cognate mentionrennende
- Cognate mentionrendeda
- Cognate mentionrännasv
- Cognate mentionrendsq
- Cognate mentionراندنfa
This page abbreviates 45 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
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"expansion": "Middle English runnen"
},
{
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"2": "rinnen",
"t": "to run"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rinnen (“to run”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rinnan"
},
"expansion": "Old English rinnan"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rinna",
"t": "to run"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rinna (“to run”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rinnaną",
"t": "to run"
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reyH-",
"t": "to boil, churn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to boil, churn”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rin",
"3": "",
"4": "to run"
},
"expansion": "Scots rin (“to run”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "rinne",
"3": "",
"4": "to walk, march"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rinnen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rinnen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "rinnen",
"t": "to flow"
},
"expansion": "German rinnen (“to flow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rinna",
"t": "to flow"
},
"expansion": "Swedish rinna (“to flow”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "renna",
"t": "to flow"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic renna (“to flow”)"
},
{
"name": "m+",
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rannijaną",
"t": "to make run"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rannijaną (“to make run”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rennen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rennen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "rennen"
},
"expansion": "German rennen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rende"
},
"expansion": "Danish rende"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "ränna"
},
"expansion": "Swedish ränna"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "rend",
"3": "",
"4": "to run, run after"
},
"expansion": "Albanian rend (“to run, run after”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "راندن",
"3": "",
"4": "to move, set in motion",
"tr": "rândan"
},
"expansion": "Persian راندن (rândan, “to move, set in motion”)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"runnen",
"runnen#Middle_English"
],
[
"rennen",
"rennen#Middle_English"
],
[
"runne",
"runne#Middle_English"
],
[
"runnen",
"runnen#Middle_English"
],
[
"yronne",
"yronne#Middle_English"
],
[
"rinnen",
"rinnen#Middle_English"
],
[
"rinnan",
"rinnan#Old_English"
],
[
"iernan",
"iernan#Old_English"
],
[
"rinna",
"rinna#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*rinnaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rinnaną"
],
[
"*h₃reyH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃reyH-"
],
[
"rin",
"rin#Scots"
],
[
"rinne",
"rinne#West_Frisian"
],
[
"rinnen",
"rinnen#Dutch"
],
[
"geronnen",
"geronnen#Dutch"
],
[
"rinnen",
"rinnen#German"
],
[
"rinna",
"rinna#Swedish"
],
[
"renna",
"renna#Icelandic"
],
[
"*rannijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rannijaną"
],
[
"rennen",
"rennen#Dutch"
],
[
"rennen",
"rennen#German"
],
[
"rende",
"rende#Danish"
],
[
"ränna",
"ränna#Swedish"
],
[
"rend",
"rend#Albanian"
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[
"راندن",
"راندن#Persian"
],
[
"random",
"random#English"
]
],
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{
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"In a liquid state; melted or molten.",
"Cast in a mould.",
"Exhausted; depleted (especially with \"down\" or \"out\").",
"Travelled, migrated; having made a migration or a spawning run."
],
"tags": [
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"Act or instance of running, of moving rapidly using the feet.",
"Act or instance of hurrying (to or from a place) (not necessarily on foot); dash or errand, trip.",
"A pleasure trip.",
"Flight, instance or period of fleeing."
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