Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗verb
To make reddish in colour.
adv
A mild intensifier, expressing irritation.
adj
Reddish in color, especially of the face, fire, or sky. · Robust and vigorous, like a person with a red complexion (as compared to a pale one). · A mild intensifier, expressing irritation.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA ruddy duck. · A ruddy ground dove.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-der. Old English rudu Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz Proto-West Germanic *-g Old English -iġ Old English rudiġ Middle English rody English ruddy Inherited from Middle English rody, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu + -iġ. By surface analysis, rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”). The British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Cognate mentionroðiis
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:rody",
"text": "++",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-der.\nOld English rudu\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nOld English rudiġ\nMiddle English rody\nEnglish ruddy\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁rewdʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"rudu\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-g\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-iġ\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"rudiġ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"rody\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"ruddy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"ruddy\">\nInherited from Middle English rody, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu + -iġ."
},
{
"name": "surf",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rud<t:redness>",
"3": "-y"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, rud (“redness”) + -y"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "roði",
"3": "",
"4": "redness"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic roði (“redness”)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
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"3": "enm:rody",
"text": "++",
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-der.\nOld English rudu\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\nProto-West Germanic *-g\nOld English -iġ\nOld English rudiġ\nMiddle English rody\nEnglish ruddy\nInherited from Middle English rody, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu + -iġ."
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₁rewdʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁rewdʰ-"
],
[
"rudu",
"rudu#Old_English"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-gaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-gaz#Proto-Germanic:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-g",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-g#Proto-West_Germanic:_adjectives"
],
[
"-iġ",
"-ig#Old_English:_adjectives"
],
[
"rudiġ",
"rudig#Old_English"
],
[
"rody",
"rody#Middle_English"
],
[
"rody",
"rody#Middle_English"
],
[
"rudiġ",
"rudig#Old_English"
],
[
"rudu",
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],
[
"-iġ",
"-ig#Old_English:_adjectives"
],
[
"rud",
"rud#English"
],
[
"-y",
"-y#English"
],
[
"roði",
"roði#Icelandic"
],
[
"bloody",
"bloody#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To make reddish in colour."
],
"tags": [
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"pos": "adv",
"glosses": [
"A mild intensifier, expressing irritation."
],
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{
"pos": "adj",
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"Reddish in color, especially of the face, fire, or sky.",
"Robust and vigorous, like a person with a red complexion (as compared to a pale one).",
"A mild intensifier, expressing irritation."
],
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},
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A ruddy duck.",
"A ruddy ground dove."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
],
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