Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗noun
redness or blushing · ruddle or red ochre
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo become red; redden. · To make red.
From Middle English rudden, ruden, from Old English rudian (“to be ruddy”) (compare rudu (“redness”)), from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”); cognate with Old Cornish rud and Old Irish rúad). (Compare red).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "rudden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English rudden"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rudian",
"t": "to be ruddy"
},
"expansion": "Old English rudian (“to be ruddy”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rudāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rudāną"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rudʰéh₁ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "rud"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish rud"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "rúad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish rúad"
}
],
"links": [
[
"rudden",
"rudden#Middle_English"
],
[
"ruden",
"ruden#Middle_English"
],
[
"rudian",
"rudian#Old_English"
],
[
"rudu",
"rudu#Old_English"
],
[
"*rudāną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rudāną"
],
[
"*h₁rudʰéh₁ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁rudʰéh₁ti"
],
[
"*h₁rewdʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁rewdʰ-"
],
[
"rud",
"rud#Old_Cornish"
],
[
"rúad",
"rúad#Old_Irish"
],
[
"red",
"red#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"redness or blushing",
"ruddle or red ochre"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
],
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"sourceRecordOrdinal": 1046856
},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To become red; redden.",
"To make red."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
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