Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗To move (one object) while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction. · To be rubbed against something. · To spread a substance thinly over; to smear. · To move or pass with difficulty.
An act of rubbing. · A difficulty or problem. · A quip or sarcastic remark. · In the game of crown green bowls, any obstacle by which a bowl is diverted from its normal course.
Inherited from Middle English rubben, of unknown origin; possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną, a hypothetical variant of *ruppōną (“to tear (off), rip; to wear away, rub”), related to *reufaną (“to tear”) (> English reave). If so, a doublet of rip. Cognate with Saterland Frisian rubje (“to rub, scrape”), German Low German rubben (“to rub”), Low German rubblig (“rough, uneven”), Dutch robben, rubben (“to rub smooth; scrape; scrub”), Danish rubbe (“to rub, scrub”), Icelandic and Norwegian rubba (“to scrape”). More at reave. Compare typologically Latin fricō < friō < Proto-Indo-European *bʰreyH- (whence also Russian брить (britʹ, “to shave”)).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 6 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"expansion": "Middle English rubben"
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"expansion": "Inherited from Middle English rubben"
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"expansion": "English reave"
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"expansion": "Low German rubblig (“rough, uneven”)"
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"expansion": "Dutch robben"
},
{
"name": "cog",
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"t": "to rub, scrub"
},
"expansion": "Danish rubbe (“to rub, scrub”)"
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"expansion": "Icelandic"
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},
"expansion": "Norwegian"
},
{
"name": "m+",
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"1": "la",
"2": "fricō"
},
"expansion": "Latin fricō"
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"4": "to shave"
},
"expansion": "Russian брить (britʹ, “to shave”)"
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"*ruppōną",
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"To move (one object) while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction.",
"To be rubbed against something.",
"To spread a substance thinly over; to smear.",
"To move or pass with difficulty."
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"An act of rubbing.",
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"A quip or sarcastic remark.",
"In the game of crown green bowls, any obstacle by which a bowl is diverted from its normal course."
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