Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗Sorrow for the misery of another person; compassion, mercy, pity. · Regret, remorse, repentance. · Matter for regret or sorrow; calamity, ruin; also, occasion for regret or sorrow; (countable) an instance of this; a disaster, a pitiful thing. · Distress, misery, sorrow.
From Middle English ruthe, reuthe, reuþe, reowthe, rewthe (“compassion, pity, sympathy; mercy; grief, sorrow; cause or event of pity or sorrow; lamentation; calamity, trouble; distress; regret, remorse; cruelty, ill treatment”), from reu, reuen (“to feel compassion or pity; to regret, rue; etc.”) + -th, -the (suffix denoting a condition, quality, state of being, etc.), possibly influenced by an early Scandinavian language (compare Old Norse hrygð, hryggð (“affliction, grief, sorrow, ruth”), from the Proto-Germanic word indicated below). Reuen is derived from Old English hrēowan (“to grieve; to regret, rue; to repent”), from Proto-West Germanic *hreuwan (“to cause pain; to regret”), from Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to cause regret, rue; to feel sorrow, grieve”); further etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *krew(H)-, possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“blood”) and *krows- (“to fall, beat, break, bruise”). By surface analysis, rue (“to regret; etc.”) + -th (suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionrutheenm
- Cognate mentionhrygðnon
- Inherited-form mentionhrēowanang · to grieve; to regret, rue; to repent
- Inherited-form mention*hreuwangmw-pro · to cause pain; to regret
- Inherited-form mention*hrewwanągem-pro · to cause regret, rue; to feel sorrow, grieve
- Cognate mention*krewh₂-ine-pro · blood
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ruthe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ruthe"
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrygð"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrygð"
},
{
"name": "sup",
"args": {
"1": "1"
},
"expansion": "¹"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hrēowan",
"t": "to grieve; to regret, rue; to repent"
},
"expansion": "Old English hrēowan (“to grieve; to regret, rue; to repent”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hreuwan",
"t": "to cause pain; to regret"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hreuwan (“to cause pain; to regret”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrewwaną",
"t": "to cause regret, rue; to feel sorrow, grieve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to cause regret, rue; to feel sorrow, grieve”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*krew(H)-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krew(H)-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*krewh₂-",
"t": "blood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂- (“blood”)"
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "verb"
},
"expansion": "verb"
},
{
"name": "surf",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "rue",
"3": "-th",
"t1": "to regret; etc.",
"pos2": "suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs",
"id2": "abstract nominal"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, rue (“to regret; etc.”) + -th (suffix forming abstract nouns from verbs)"
}
],
"links": [
[
"ruthe",
"ruthe#Middle_English"
],
[
"reuthe",
"reuthe#Middle_English"
],
[
"reuþe",
"reuþe#Middle_English"
],
[
"reowthe",
"reowthe#Middle_English"
],
[
"rewthe",
"rewthe#Middle_English"
],
[
"reu",
"reu#Middle_English"
],
[
"reuen",
"reuen#Middle_English"
],
[
"-th",
"-th#Middle_English"
],
[
"-the",
"-the#Middle_English"
],
[
"Scandinavian",
"Scandinavian#Adjective"
],
[
"hrygð",
"hrygð#Old_Norse"
],
[
"hryggð",
"hryggð#Old_Norse"
],
[
"hrēowan",
"hreowan#Old_English"
],
[
"*hreuwan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hreuwan"
],
[
"*hrewwaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrewwaną"
],
[
"*krewh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krewh₂-"
],
[
"*krows-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krows-"
],
[
"rue",
"rue#English"
],
[
"-th",
"-th#English:_abstract_nominal"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"Sorrow for the misery of another person; compassion, mercy, pity.",
"Regret, remorse, repentance.",
"Matter for regret or sorrow; calamity, ruin; also, occasion for regret or sorrow; (countable) an instance of this; a disaster, a pitiful thing.",
"Distress, misery, sorrow."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"countable",
"uncountable",
"obsolete"
],
"recordId": "4e26d1afbf586471aca1d47c2f5957fdfeecbe3e56e65a3f4506d5fd1b829d50",
"rawRecordSha256": "e7dfa06bfd297f46f928d07f9387e79f908ce4d0c10bf22122fab5ea6f16d86a",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 232982
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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}