*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of ridge

From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

The back of any animal; especially the upper or projecting part of the back of a quadruped. · Any extended protuberance; a projecting line or strip. · The line along which two sloping surfaces meet which diverge towards the ground. · The highest point on a roof, represented by a horizontal line where two roof areas intersect, running the length of the area.

verb

To form into a ridge. · To extend in ridges.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-, *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate with Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), North Frisian reg (“back”), West Frisian rêch (“back”), Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), German Rücken (“back, ridge”), Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), Icelandic hryggur (“spine”). Cognate to Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”) and kurriz (“back”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionriggeenm
  • Inherited-form mentionhryċġang · back, spine, ridge, elevated surface
  • Inherited-form mention*hrugigmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*hrugjazgem-pro · back
  • Derivation mention*(s)krewk-ine-pro
  • Cognate mentionrigsco · back, spine, ridge
  • Cognate mentionregfrr · back
  • Cognate mentionrêchfy · back
  • Cognate mentionrugnl · back, ridge
  • Cognate mentionRückende · back, ridge
  • Cognate mentionryggsv · back, spine, ridge
  • Cognate mentionhrygguris · spine
  • Cognate mentionkërrussq · to bend one's back

This page abbreviates 6 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "rigge"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English rigge"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "hryċġ",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge, elevated surface"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English hryċġ (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hrugi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hrugi"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrugjaz",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)krewk-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)krewk-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "rig",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "frr",
        "2": "reg",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "North Frisian reg (“back”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "rêch",
        "t": "back"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian rêch (“back”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "rug",
        "t": "back, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch rug (“back, ridge”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Rücken",
        "t": "back, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "German Rücken (“back, ridge”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "rygg",
        "t": "back, spine, ridge"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hryggur",
        "t": "spine"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hryggur (“spine”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sq",
        "2": "kërrus",
        "t": "to bend one's back"
      },
      "expansion": "Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "rigge",
      "rigge#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "rygge",
      "rygge#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "rig",
      "rig#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "ryg",
      "ryg#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "rug",
      "rug#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "hryċġ",
      "hrycg#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*hrugi",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hrugi"
    ],
    [
      "*hrugjaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrugjaz"
    ],
    [
      "*(s)krewk-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)krewk-"
    ],
    [
      "*(s)ker-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)ker-"
    ],
    [
      "rig",
      "rig#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "reg",
      "reg#North_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "rêch",
      "rêch#West_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "rug",
      "rug#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Rücken",
      "Rücken#German"
    ],
    [
      "rygg",
      "rygg#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "hryggur",
      "hryggur#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "kërrus",
      "kërrus#Albanian"
    ],
    [
      "kurriz",
      "kurriz#Albanian"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "The back of any animal; especially the upper or projecting part of the back of a quadruped.",
        "Any extended protuberance; a projecting line or strip.",
        "The line along which two sloping surfaces meet which diverge towards the ground.",
        "The highest point on a roof, represented by a horizontal line where two roof areas intersect, running the length of the area."
      ],
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 289380
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To form into a ridge.",
        "To extend in ridges."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive",
        "intransitive"
      ],
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  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 6,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for ridge →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-cmlkZ2U