*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of refer

From Middle English referren, from Old French referer, from Latin referre. The noun (used in journalism) is from the verb. Doublet of relate. See also infer, collate and confer, delate and defer, as well as prelate and p

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

To direct the attention of (someone toward something). · To submit to (another person or group) for consideration; to send or direct elsewhere. · To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation. · To mention (something); to direct attention (to something).

noun

A blurb on the front page of a newspaper issue or section that refers the reader to the full story inside the issue or section by listing its slug or headline and its page number.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English referren, from Old French referer, from Latin referre. The noun (used in journalism) is from the verb. Doublet of relate. See also infer, collate and confer, delate and defer, as well as prelate and prefer among others.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 7 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰer-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "referren"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English referren"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "referer"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French referer"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "referre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin referre"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "relate"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of relate"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "referren",
      "referren#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "referer",
      "referer#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "referre",
      "referre#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "relate",
      "relate#English"
    ],
    [
      "infer",
      "infer"
    ],
    [
      "collate",
      "collate"
    ],
    [
      "confer",
      "confer"
    ],
    [
      "delate",
      "delate"
    ],
    [
      "defer",
      "defer"
    ],
    [
      "prelate",
      "prelate"
    ],
    [
      "prefer",
      "prefer"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To direct the attention of (someone toward something).",
        "To submit to (another person or group) for consideration; to send or direct elsewhere.",
        "To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation.",
        "To mention (something); to direct attention (to something)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive",
        "intransitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "3457649a4dd6755aee95053c514a1f47f28ddd9f35add3b1c7e3ff47715afa2c",
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 262411
    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A blurb on the front page of a newspaper issue or section that refers the reader to the full story inside the issue or section by listing its slug or headline and its page number."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "af5e83ba60e227a7771320c517a1add5c845de2ad1fabbe2c806d5ea62855e43",
      "rawRecordSha256": "7a7555affaab58b3a04ada4ad56aa7123a1ca7769458552e80982d1c84a1421e",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 262412
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 7,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for refer →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-cmVmZXI