Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To free from entanglement. · To free from embarrassment. · To fix boundaries. · To comb hair.
Fusion of Middle English reden (“to clean up, to clear”) and redden (“to save, rescue, deliver, rid, free, clear”). The former is from Old English ġerǣdan (“to put in order, arrange, prepare”), from Proto-West Germanic *garaidijan, from Proto-Germanic *garaidijaną (“to arrange”); the latter, from Old English hreddan (“to save, deliver, recover, rescue”), from Proto-West Germanic *hraddjan, from Proto-Germanic *hradjaną. More at rid and ready. The Scottish and Northern English senses (especially 3.5 “tidy up, clear away”) are likely from Old Norse ryðja (“to clear, free, empty”), from Proto-Germanic *rudjaną, having conflated with the native word reden (see above); if so, that would make them related to Danish and Norwegian Bokmål rydde (“to clear, tidy”). The Pennsylvania (Dutch English) sense is from Middle Low German redden, cognate with Dutch redden (“to save, rescue”), both ultimately also from Proto-Germanic *hradjaną (“to loosen, set free, save”). The meaning is clearly historically conflated and related to the native English word, however their exact origin and relationship are unclear.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionredenenm
- Inherited-form mentionġerǣdanang
- Inherited-form mention*garaidijangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*garaidijanągem-pro
- Inherited-form mentionhreddanang
- Inherited-form mention*hraddjangmw-pro
- Derivation mention*hradjanągem-pro
- Derivation mentionryðjanon
- Derivation mention*rudjanągem-pro
- Derivation mentionreddengml
- Cognate mentionreddennl
This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "reden",
"4": "",
"5": "to clean up, to clear"
},
"expansion": "Middle English reden (“to clean up, to clear”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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"3": "ġerǣdan",
"4": "",
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},
"expansion": "Old English ġerǣdan (“to put in order, arrange, prepare”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*garaidijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *garaidijan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*garaidijaną",
"4": "",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *garaidijaną (“to arrange”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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"3": "hreddan",
"4": "",
"5": "to save, deliver, recover, rescue"
},
"expansion": "Old English hreddan (“to save, deliver, recover, rescue”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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{
"name": "der",
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hradjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hradjaną"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "ryðja",
"4": "",
"5": "to clear, free, empty"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse ryðja (“to clear, free, empty”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rudjaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rudjaną"
},
{
"name": "lg",
"args": {
"1": "conflate"
},
"expansion": "conflate"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "rydde",
"3": "",
"4": "to clear, tidy"
},
"expansion": "Danish and Norwegian Bokmål rydde (“to clear, tidy”)"
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},
"expansion": "Middle Low German redden"
},
{
"name": "cog",
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"2": "redden",
"3": "",
"4": "to save, rescue"
},
"expansion": "Dutch redden (“to save, rescue”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hradjaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to loosen, set free, save"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hradjaną (“to loosen, set free, save”)"
},
{
"name": "unc",
"args": {
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"2": "unclear"
},
"expansion": "unclear"
}
],
"links": [
[
"reden",
"reden#Middle_English"
],
[
"redden",
"redden#Middle_English"
],
[
"ġerǣdan",
"gerædan#Old_English"
],
[
"*garaidijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/garaidijan"
],
[
"*garaidijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/garaidijaną"
],
[
"hreddan",
"hreddan#Old_English"
],
[
"*hraddjan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hraddjan"
],
[
"*hradjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hradjaną"
],
[
"rid",
"rid#English"
],
[
"ready",
"ready#English"
],
[
"ryðja",
"ryðja#Old_Norse"
],
[
"*rudjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rudjaną"
],
[
"reden",
"reden#Middle_English"
],
[
"Danish",
"rydde#Danish"
],
[
"rydde",
"rydde#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Dutch English",
"Pennsylvania Dutch English"
],
[
"redden",
"redden#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"redden",
"redden#Dutch"
],
[
"*hradjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hradjaną"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To free from entanglement.",
"To free from embarrassment.",
"To fix boundaries.",
"To comb hair."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"obsolete",
"Northern-England",
"Scotland"
],
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}
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