Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗adj
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryOf a red hue. · Having an orange-brown or orange-blond colour; ginger. · Having a redder hue than usual due to embarrassment, anger, sunburn, etc.; flushed. · Having a brown color.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- Proto-Indo-European *-os Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Indo-European *-ós Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós Proto-Germanic *raudaz Proto-West Germanic *raud Old English rēad Middle English red English red Inherited from Middle English red, from Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ- + *-ós. Cognates See also West Frisian read, Low German root, rood, rot, rod, Dutch rood, German rot, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål rød, Norwegian Nynorsk raud, Swedish röd, Faroese reyður, Icelandic rauður; also Welsh rhudd, Latin ruber, rufus, Tocharian A rtär, Tocharian B ratre, Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Albanian pruth (“redhead”), Russian ру́дый (rúdyj) ("red", "redhaired"). Czech rudý, Lithuanian raúdas, Finnish rauta, Estonian raud, Serbo-Croatian riđ ("reddish", "red"), Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoidita), Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá, “red, bloody”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Cognate mentionreadfy
- Cognate mentionrootnds
- Cognate mentionroodnl
- Cognate mentionrotde
- Cognate mentionraudnn
- Cognate mentionrödsv
- Cognate mentionreyðurfo
- Cognate mentionrauðuris
- Cognate mentionrhuddcy
- Cognate mentionruberla
- Cognate mentionrtärxto
- Cognate mentionratretxb
- Cognate mentionἐρυθρόςgrc
- Cognate mentionpruthsq
- Cognate mentionrudýcs
- Cognate mentionraúdaslt
- Cognate mentionrautafi
- Cognate mentionraudet
- Cognate mention𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀ae
- Cognate mentionरुधिरsa
This page abbreviates 6 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:red<id:color>",
"tree": "+",
"text": "++"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós\nProto-Germanic *raudaz\nProto-West Germanic *raud\nOld English rēad\nMiddle English red\nEnglish red\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*raudaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*raud\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"rēad\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"red\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"red\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"red\">\nInherited from Middle English red, from Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ- + *-ós."
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "read"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian read"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "Low German root"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rood"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rood"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "rot"
},
"expansion": "German rot"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb",
"2": "rød"
},
"expansion": "Danish and Norwegian Bokmål rød"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "raud"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk raud"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "röd"
},
"expansion": "Swedish röd"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "reyður"
},
"expansion": "Faroese reyður"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "rauður"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic rauður"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "rhudd"
},
"expansion": "Welsh rhudd"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ruber"
},
"expansion": "Latin ruber"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "rtär"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A rtär"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ratre"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B ratre"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐρυθρός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "pruth",
"3": "",
"4": "redhead"
},
"expansion": "Albanian pruth (“redhead”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "rudý"
},
"expansion": "Czech rudý"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "raúdas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian raúdas"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "rauta"
},
"expansion": "Finnish rauta"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "raud"
},
"expansion": "Estonian raud"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀 (raoidita)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "रुधिर",
"3": "",
"4": "red, bloody",
"tr": "rudhirá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit रुधिर (rudhirá, “red, bloody”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:red<id:color>",
"tree": "+",
"text": "++"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *-ós\nProto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós\nProto-Germanic *raudaz\nProto-West Germanic *raud\nOld English rēad\nMiddle English red\nEnglish red\nInherited from Middle English red, from Old English rēad, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós, from *h₁rewdʰ- + *-ós."
}
],
"links": [
[
"*h₁rewdʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁rewdʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_red"
],
[
"*-os",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os#Proto-Indo-European:_thematic"
],
[
"*-ós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ós#Proto-Indo-European:_possessive"
],
[
"*-ós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ós#Proto-Indo-European:_o-grade"
],
[
"*h₁rowdʰós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁rowdʰós"
],
[
"*raudaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raudaz"
],
[
"*raud",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/raud"
],
[
"rēad",
"read#Old_English"
],
[
"red",
"red#Middle_English:_color"
],
[
"red",
"red#Middle_English:_color"
],
[
"rēad",
"read#Old_English"
],
[
"*raud",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/raud"
],
[
"*raudaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raudaz"
],
[
"*h₁rowdʰós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁rowdʰós"
],
[
"*h₁rewdʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁rewdʰ-#Proto-Indo-European:_red"
],
[
"*-ós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ós#Proto-Indo-European:_o-grade"
],
[
"read",
"read#West_Frisian"
],
[
"root",
"root#Low_German"
],
[
"rood",
"rood#Low_German"
],
[
"rot",
"rot#Low_German"
],
[
"rod",
"rod#Low_German"
],
[
"rood",
"rood#Dutch"
],
[
"rot",
"rot#German"
],
[
"Danish",
"rød#Danish"
],
[
"rød",
"rød#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"raud",
"raud#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"röd",
"röd#Swedish"
],
[
"reyður",
"reyður#Faroese"
],
[
"rauður",
"rauður#Icelandic"
],
[
"rhudd",
"rhudd#Welsh"
],
[
"ruber",
"ruber#Latin"
],
[
"rufus",
"rufus#Latin"
],
[
"rtär",
"rtär#Tocharian_A"
],
[
"ratre",
"ratre#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"ἐρυθρός",
"ἐρυθρός#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"pruth",
"pruth#Albanian"
],
[
"Russian",
"Russian"
],
[
"ру́дый",
"рудый"
],
[
"rudý",
"rudý#Czech"
],
[
"raúdas",
"raudas#Lithuanian"
],
[
"rauta",
"rauta#Finnish"
],
[
"raud",
"raud#Estonian"
],
[
"Serbo-Croatian",
"Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"riđ",
"riđ"
],
[
"𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀",
"𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬛𐬌𐬙𐬀#Avestan"
],
[
"रुधिर",
"रुधिर#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bislama",
"lang_code": "bi",
"word": "red"
},
{
"lang": "Pijin",
"lang_code": "pis",
"word": "red"
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "redi",
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"word": "lebi",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
]
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "ledi",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aukan",
"lang_code": "djk",
"word": "lebi",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
]
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "ret"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Of a red hue.",
"Having an orange-brown or orange-blond colour; ginger.",
"Having a redder hue than usual due to embarrassment, anger, sunburn, etc.; flushed.",
"Having a brown color."
],
"tags": [],
"recordId": "4a9e8d02646698f2243b258c4a9813602104789c3c196cf43c8a3d390173e20e",
"rawRecordSha256": "1be3d52ddf8195582411e31ce17c4b3216bedc06639e596e5dd6418cef7f0c2c",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 13699
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
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"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 6,
"glosses": 0
}
}