Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗A reading or an act of reading, especially of an actor's part of a play or a piece of stored data. · Something to be read; a written work. · A person's interpretation or impression of something. · An instance of reading (“calling attention to someone's flaws; a taunt or insult”).
To look at and interpret letters or other information that is written. · To be understood or physically read in a specific way. · To read a work or works written by the named author. · To speak aloud words or other information that is written. (often construed with a to phrase or an indirect object)
Etymology tree Old English rǣdan Middle English reden English read From Middle English reden, from Old English rǣdan (“to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read”), from Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“advise, counsel”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”). Cognate with Scots rede, red (“to advise, counsel, decipher, read”), Saterland Frisian räide (“to advise, counsel”), West Frisian riede (“to advise, counsel”), Dutch raden (“to advise; guess”), German raten (“to advise; guess”), Danish råde (“to advise”), Swedish råda (“to advise, counsel”), Persian رده (rade, “to order, to arrange, class”). In West Germanic the verb had a sense “interpret”, which developed further into “interpret letters” in English and “interpret by intuition, guess” on the continent. Compare rede.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*h₂er-ine-pro
- Root classification mention*Hreh₁dʰ-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionredenenm
- Inherited-form mentionrǣdanang
- Inherited-form mention*rādangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*rēdanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*Hreh₁dʰ-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionredesco
- Cognate mentionräidestq
- Cognate mentionriedefy
- Cognate mentionradennl
- Cognate mentionratende
- Cognate mentionrådeda
- Cognate mentionrådasv
- Cognate mentionردهfa
This page abbreviates 16 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂er-"
},
"expansion": ""
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{
"name": "root",
"args": {
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:reden",
"id": "book",
"tree": "1"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nOld English rǣdan\nMiddle English reden\nEnglish read\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"reden\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"read\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"book\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"read\" id=\"English:_book\">"
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"expansion": "Middle English reden"
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"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "rǣdan",
"4": "",
"5": "to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read"
},
"expansion": "Old English rǣdan (“to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*rādan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *rādan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rēdaną",
"4": "",
"5": "advise, counsel"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“advise, counsel”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hreh₁dʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to arrange"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to arrange”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "rede"
},
"expansion": "Scots rede"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "räide",
"3": "",
"4": "to advise, counsel"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian räide (“to advise, counsel”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "riede",
"3": "",
"4": "to advise, counsel"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian riede (“to advise, counsel”)"
},
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"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "raden",
"3": "",
"4": "to advise; guess"
},
"expansion": "Dutch raden (“to advise; guess”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raten",
"3": "",
"4": "to advise; guess"
},
"expansion": "German raten (“to advise; guess”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "råde",
"3": "",
"4": "to advise"
},
"expansion": "Danish råde (“to advise”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "råda",
"3": "",
"4": "to advise, counsel"
},
"expansion": "Swedish råda (“to advise, counsel”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "رده",
"3": "",
"4": "to order, to arrange, class",
"tr": "rade"
},
"expansion": "Persian رده (rade, “to order, to arrange, class”)"
},
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}
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[
"reden",
"reden#Middle_English"
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[
"rǣdan",
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[
"*rādan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rādan"
],
[
"*rēdaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rēdaną"
],
[
"*Hreh₁dʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hreh₁dʰ-"
],
[
"rede",
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[
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"raden",
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"raten",
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"råde",
"råde#Danish"
],
[
"råda",
"råda#Swedish"
],
[
"رده",
"رده#Persian"
],
[
"rede",
"rede#English"
]
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{
"pos": "noun",
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"A reading or an act of reading, especially of an actor's part of a play or a piece of stored data.",
"Something to be read; a written work.",
"A person's interpretation or impression of something.",
"An instance of reading (“calling attention to someone's flaws; a taunt or insult”)."
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"To look at and interpret letters or other information that is written.",
"To be understood or physically read in a specific way.",
"To read a work or works written by the named author.",
"To speak aloud words or other information that is written. (often construed with a to phrase or an indirect object)"
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