English word origin

Etymology of rowed

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *Hreyk- Proto-Indo-European *-ō Proto-Indo-European *Hréykō Proto-Germanic *rīgǭder. Proto-Germanic *raigwō Proto-Germanic *raiwō Proto-West Germanic *raiwu Old English rǣw Middle Engli

2 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗

In this entry · 2 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗

verb

simple past and past participle of row

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "row<pos:verb>",
        "4": "-ed",
        "id": "propelled by oars",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *Hreyk-\nProto-Indo-European *-ō\nProto-Indo-European *Hréykō\nProto-Germanic *rīgǭder.\nProto-Germanic *raigwō\nProto-Germanic *raiwō\nProto-West Germanic *raiwu\nOld English rǣw\nMiddle English rewe\nEnglish row\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish rowed\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*Hreyk-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*Hréykō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*rīgǭ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*raigwō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*raiwō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*raiwu\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"rǣw\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"rewe\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"row\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\", \"pos\" : \"verb\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ed\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"rowed\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"propelled by oars\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"rowed\" id=\"English:_propelled_by_oars\">\nFrom row (verb) + -ed."
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "row<pos:verb>",
        "4": "-ed",
        "id": "propelled by oars",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *Hreyk-\nProto-Indo-European *-ō\nProto-Indo-European *Hréykō\nProto-Germanic *rīgǭder.\nProto-Germanic *raigwō\nProto-Germanic *raiwō\nProto-West Germanic *raiwu\nOld English rǣw\nMiddle English rewe\nEnglish row\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish rowed\nFrom row (verb) + -ed."
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*Hreyk-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hreyk-"
    ],
    [
      "*-ō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ō"
    ],
    [
      "*Hréykō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hréykō"
    ],
    [
      "*rīgǭ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīgǭ"
    ],
    [
      "*raigwō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raigwō"
    ],
    [
      "*raiwō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raiwō"
    ],
    [
      "*raiwu",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/raiwu"
    ],
    [
      "rǣw",
      "ræw#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "rewe",
      "rewe#Middle_English:_row"
    ],
    [
      "row",
      "row#English"
    ],
    [
      "-ed",
      "-ed#English"
    ],
    [
      "row",
      "row#English"
    ],
    [
      "-ed",
      "-ed#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "simple past and past participle of row"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ],
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      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 557858
    }
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Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗

adj

Formed into a row, or rows; having a specified number of rows.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "row<t:line of objects or entries>",
        "4": "-ed",
        "id": "arranged in rows",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *Hreyk-\nProto-Indo-European *-ō\nProto-Indo-European *Hréykō\nProto-Germanic *rīgǭder.\nProto-Germanic *raigwō\nProto-Germanic *raiwō\nProto-West Germanic *raiwu\nOld English rǣw\nMiddle English rewe\nEnglish row\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish rowed\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*Hreyk-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*Hréykō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*rīgǭ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*raigwō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*raiwō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*raiwu\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"rǣw\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"rewe\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"row\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ed\", \"status\" : \"ambiguous\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"rowed\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"arranged in rows\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"rowed\" id=\"English:_arranged_in_rows\">\nFrom row (“line of objects or entries”) + -ed."
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "row<t:line of objects or entries>",
        "4": "-ed",
        "id": "arranged in rows",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *Hreyk-\nProto-Indo-European *-ō\nProto-Indo-European *Hréykō\nProto-Germanic *rīgǭder.\nProto-Germanic *raigwō\nProto-Germanic *raiwō\nProto-West Germanic *raiwu\nOld English rǣw\nMiddle English rewe\nEnglish row\nEnglish -ed\nEnglish rowed\nFrom row (“line of objects or entries”) + -ed."
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "*Hreyk-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hreyk-"
    ],
    [
      "*-ō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ō"
    ],
    [
      "*Hréykō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hréykō"
    ],
    [
      "*rīgǭ",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīgǭ"
    ],
    [
      "*raigwō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raigwō"
    ],
    [
      "*raiwō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raiwō"
    ],
    [
      "*raiwu",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/raiwu"
    ],
    [
      "rǣw",
      "ræw#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "rewe",
      "rewe#Middle_English:_row"
    ],
    [
      "row",
      "row#English"
    ],
    [
      "-ed",
      "-ed#English"
    ],
    [
      "row",
      "row#English"
    ],
    [
      "-ed",
      "-ed#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Formed into a row, or rows; having a specified number of rows."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "not-comparable"
      ],
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Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for rowed →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger

Machine-source provenance

Source SHA-256: 5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run: 73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID: w-cm93ZWQ