Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗A forked tool used by clothiers for dressing cloth. · A pin. · A bodkin; brooch.
To pin; fasten.
From Middle English pren, from Old English prēon, from Proto-Germanic *preunaz (compare Icelandic prjónn (“pin, knitting-needle”), Danish pryne (“needle, eel-spear”)), of uncertain origin, but perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *brewn- (“protrusion, tip, edge”) (compare Lithuanian briaunà (“edge”), Albanian brez (“belt, girdle”)). Cognate with German Pfriem. The verb is from Middle English prenen, from pren (“a preen”), akin to German pfriemen.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "pren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English pren"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "prēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English prēon"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*preunaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *preunaz"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "prjónn",
"3": "",
"4": "pin, knitting-needle"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic prjónn (“pin, knitting-needle”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "pryne",
"3": "",
"4": "needle, eel-spear"
},
"expansion": "Danish pryne (“needle, eel-spear”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*brew-",
"4": "*brewn-",
"5": "protrusion, tip, edge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *brewn- (“protrusion, tip, edge”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "briaunà",
"3": "",
"4": "edge"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian briaunà (“edge”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "brez",
"3": "",
"4": "belt, girdle"
},
"expansion": "Albanian brez (“belt, girdle”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pfriem"
},
"expansion": "German Pfriem"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "prenen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English prenen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "pfriemen"
},
"expansion": "German pfriemen"
}
],
"links": [
[
"pren",
"pren#Middle_English"
],
[
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],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/preunaz"
],
[
"prjónn",
"prjónn#Icelandic"
],
[
"pryne",
"pryne#Danish"
],
[
"*brewn-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/brew-"
],
[
"briaunà",
"briauna#Lithuanian"
],
[
"brez",
"brez#Albanian"
],
[
"Pfriem",
"Pfriem#German"
],
[
"prenen",
"prenen#Middle_English"
],
[
"pren",
"pren#Middle_English"
],
[
"pfriemen",
"pfriemen#German"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A forked tool used by clothiers for dressing cloth.",
"A pin.",
"A bodkin; brooch."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
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},
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To pin; fasten."
],
"tags": [
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