*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of pile

From Middle English pyle, from Old French pile, from Latin pīla (“pillar, pier”).

6 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 6 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2

Original entry ↗
verb

To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to accumulate · To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to load. · To add something to a great number. · (of vehicles) To create a hold-up.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English pyle, from Old French pile, from Latin pīla (“pillar, pier”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peys-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "pyle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pyle"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "pile"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French pile"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pīla#pillar-pier-Latin",
        "4": "",
        "5": "pillar, pier"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pīla (“pillar, pier”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "pyle",
      "pyle#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "pile",
      "pile#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "pīla",
      "pila#pillar-pier-Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to accumulate",
        "To cover with heaps; or in great abundance; to fill or overfill; to load.",
        "To add something to a great number.",
        "(of vehicles) To create a hold-up."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "often",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "e2b63014db060207b5ab64c0b9a1d3788e8ff7fb264a9333c03a7b00fd0754f3",
      "rawRecordSha256": "d83cbc979eda201a9a59b006e87d8b4259abf07f355c6b08619e29521fff7676",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 202066
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 2,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 1 · variant 2/2

Original entry ↗
noun

A mass of things heaped together; a heap. · A group or list of related items up for consideration, especially in some kind of selection process. · A mass formed in layers. · A funeral pile; a pyre.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English pyle, from Old French pile, from Latin pīla (“pillar, pier”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 8 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peys-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "pyle"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pyle"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "pile"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French pile"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pīla#pillar-pier-Latin",
        "4": "",
        "5": "pillar, pier"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pīla (“pillar, pier”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "pyle",
      "pyle#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "pile",
      "pile#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "pīla",
      "pila#pillar-pier-Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Hawaiian",
      "lang_code": "haw",
      "word": "paila",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A mass of things heaped together; a heap.",
        "A group or list of related items up for consideration, especially in some kind of selection process.",
        "A mass formed in layers.",
        "A funeral pile; a pyre."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "informal"
      ],
      "recordId": "cd2a08a530e587ce8ff656ef58d9dd7af776d74ba29118dfe2b49b3aa4bfcc2d",
      "rawRecordSha256": "2cf5b39509cf42540bc6a46a5539fb91199e2930954f1bab4c97203504408d61",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 202065
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 8,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
verb

To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with piles.

noun

A dart; an arrow. · The head of an arrow or spear. · A large stake, or piece of pointed timber, steel etc., driven into the earth or sea-bed for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc. · One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English pile, from Old English pīl, from Proto-West Germanic *pīl, from Latin pīlum (“heavy javelin”). Cognate with Dutch pijl, German Pfeil. Doublet of pilum.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionpileenm
  • Inherited-form mentionpīlang
  • Inherited-form mention*pīlgmw-pro
  • Derivation mentionpīlumla · heavy javelin
  • Cognate mentionpijlnl
  • Cognate mentionPfeilde
  • Doublet mentionpilumen
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "pile"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pile"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "pīl"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English pīl"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*pīl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *pīl"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pīlum",
        "t": "heavy javelin"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pīlum (“heavy javelin”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "pijl"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch pijl"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Pfeil"
      },
      "expansion": "German Pfeil"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pilum"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of pilum"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "pile",
      "pile#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "pīl",
      "pil#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*pīl",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/pīl"
    ],
    [
      "pīlum",
      "pilum#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "pijl",
      "pijl#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Pfeil",
      "Pfeil#German"
    ],
    [
      "pilum",
      "pilum#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To drive piles into; to fill with piles; to strengthen with piles."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "0f34ca3684f0779b469271a0837162c79762afd4451b6638115ff7f3e0370b80",
      "rawRecordSha256": "42603d40f572d8d9f2432644f5beed586f053d7b9ac265abd0ec7122b8eb2a74",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 202068
    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A dart; an arrow.",
        "The head of an arrow or spear.",
        "A large stake, or piece of pointed timber, steel etc., driven into the earth or sea-bed for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc.",
        "One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "recordId": "26819a7759755be6e8e00d363208cb8e5f2e4733f4e27d71afce1e07d0b5e213",
      "rawRecordSha256": "baef5f937279c4f58e2c0a533fcf3b61b708e3610321c5cc4204374e81ccc49a",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 202067
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

A hemorrhoid.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Apparently from Late Latin pilus. Doublet of pilus.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-lat",
        "3": "pilus"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin pilus"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pilus"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of pilus"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "pilus",
      "pilus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "pilus",
      "pilus#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A hemorrhoid."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "plural-normally"
      ],
      "recordId": "792c07e7822278edc6d6771c8cfb7c8e96483fcc10bb2387a018dce3b4869664",
      "rawRecordSha256": "b0de00c8e691b5a07f205ce48bf6e56a686547810d80c6e45da40e9b650b052e",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 202069
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 4

Original entry ↗
noun

Hair, especially when very fine or short; the fine underfur of certain animals. (Formerly countable, now treated as a collective singular.) · The raised hairs, loops or strands of a fabric; the nap of a cloth.

verb

To give a pile to; to make shaggy.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English pile, partly from Anglo-Norman pil (a variant of peil, poil (“hair”)) and partly from its source, Latin pilus (“hair”). Doublet of pilus.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionpileenm
  • Derivation mentionpilusla
  • Doublet mentionpilusen
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "pile"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pile"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "pil"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman pil"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pilus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "hair"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pilus (“hair”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "doublet",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pilus"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of pilus"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "pile",
      "pile#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "pil",
      "pil#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "peil",
      "peil#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "poil",
      "poil#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "pilus",
      "pilus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "pilus",
      "pilus#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "Hair, especially when very fine or short; the fine underfur of certain animals. (Formerly countable, now treated as a collective singular.)",
        "The raised hairs, loops or strands of a fabric; the nap of a cloth."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "recordId": "85c166ff2f9ac97d879dc261b5f1b3c1f51a8f0b9ccbeb70506394bbeb42b1b0",
      "rawRecordSha256": "9ef8daeee066ce0de3063193f451b00cf182efc6bfa6de3bde2813e3c8b06813",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 202070
    },
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To give a pile to; to make shaggy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "recordId": "a469462814afceac4d2e6dc75d9465284fe8ef2fc97afe7277d833ff6ece9674",
      "rawRecordSha256": "648c77d9e1967513029dbac26ce693b33cb436fa0d40a82c50b2fa92d14b5ebd",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 202071
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 5

Original entry ↗
noun

A battery (simple device for converting chemical potential energy into usable electricity). · A battery consisting of repeated units of alternating types of metal; voltaic pile.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From French pile (“battery”), with the pronunciation adapted to the existing English word pile. Doublet of Etymology 1, which may have influenced the sense development by emphasizing the stack (“pile”) out of which early batteries were made.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Borrowed-form mentionpilefr
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "bor",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "pile",
        "4": "",
        "5": "battery"
      },
      "expansion": "French pile (“battery”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "dbt",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "alt1": "Etymology 1"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of Etymology 1"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "pile",
      "pile#French"
    ],
    [
      "Etymology 1",
      "#Etymology 1"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A battery (simple device for converting chemical potential energy into usable electricity).",
        "A battery consisting of repeated units of alternating types of metal; voltaic pile."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "recordId": "d24f97449c51e97d1b4377b5226b493f08f79a81fa4443e513a865f63fdc2f91",
      "rawRecordSha256": "a254945445a9501b5816a6e903abf800c5d829b52172fe917a0485a4b67e663b",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 202072
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for pile →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-cGlsZQ