Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryplural of penny (the subunit of the pound sterling or Irish pound).
Etymology tree Pre-Greekder.? Ancient Greek πᾰτᾰ́νη (pătắnē)bor. Latin patina Latin panna? Latin pannus? Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.? Proto-Indo-European *-nós Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos Proto-Germanic *-īnaz Proto-Indo-European *-kos Proto-Germanic *-gaz ? Proto-Germanic *-ingaz Proto-Germanic *panningaz Proto-West Germanic *panning Old English peniġ Middle English peniesder. English pence 14th century contraction of penies (“pennies”), collective plural of penny.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "enm:peny<alt:penies>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPre-Greekder.?\nAncient Greek πᾰτᾰ́νη (pătắnē)bor.\nLatin patina\nLatin panna?\nLatin pannus?\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *panningaz\nProto-West Germanic *panning\nOld English peniġ\nMiddle English peniesder.\nEnglish pence\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"penies\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"peniġ\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"lang_name\" : \"Pre-Greek\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qsb-grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πᾰτᾰ́νη\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"patina\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"panna\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pannus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-n̥kʷo-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-iHnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-īnaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-kos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-gaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*-ingaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*panningaz\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*panning\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"penning\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"peny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pence\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pence\">"
},
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"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "enm:peny<alt:penies>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nPre-Greekder.?\nAncient Greek πᾰτᾰ́νη (pătắnē)bor.\nLatin patina\nLatin panna?\nLatin pannus?\nProto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷo-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *-iHnos\nProto-Germanic *-īnaz\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Germanic *-gaz\n?\nProto-Germanic *-ingaz\nProto-Germanic *panningaz\nProto-West Germanic *panning\nOld English peniġ\nMiddle English peniesder.\nEnglish pence"
}
],
"links": [
[
"πᾰτᾰ́νη",
"πατάνη#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"patina",
"patina#Latin"
],
[
"panna",
"panna#Latin"
],
[
"pannus",
"pannus#Latin"
],
[
"*-n̥kʷo-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-n̥kʷo-"
],
[
"*-nós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-nós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-iHnos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-iHnos"
],
[
"*-īnaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-īnaz"
],
[
"*-kos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectives"
],
[
"*-gaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-gaz"
],
[
"*-ingaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ingaz"
],
[
"*panningaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/panningaz"
],
[
"*panning",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/panning"
],
[
"peniġ",
"penning#Old_English"
],
[
"penies",
"peny#Middle_English"
],
[
"penies",
"penies#Middle_English"
],
[
"penny",
"penny#Middle_English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"word": "بِنْس",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "bins"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"word": "penco",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"word": "पेन्स",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"pl"
],
"roman": "pens"
},
{
"lang": "Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"word": "便士",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "biànshì"
},
{
"lang": "Marathi",
"lang_code": "mr",
"word": "पेन्स",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"pl"
],
"roman": "pensa"
},
{
"lang_code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "pence",
"raw_tags": [
"pl"
]
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "pence",
"raw_tags": [
"pl"
]
}
]
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "pens",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "пенс",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pens"
},
{
"lang": "Uyghur",
"lang_code": "ug",
"word": "پەنس",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "pens"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"plural of penny (the subunit of the pound sterling or Irish pound)."
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
],
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