Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗To hurt; to put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture. · To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve. · To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish. · To hurt; to feel painful.
An ache or bodily suffering, or an instance of this; an unpleasant sensation, resulting from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; hurt. · The pangs or sufferings of childbirth, caused by contractions of the uterus. · The condition or fact of suffering or anguish especially mental, as opposed to pleasure; torment; distress · An annoying person or thing.
From Middle English peyne, payne, from Old French and Anglo-Norman peine, paine, from Latin poena (“punishment, pain”), from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “bloodmoney, weregild, fine, price paid, penalty”), from Proto-Hellenic *kʷoinā́, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂ (“payment”) (whence also Proto-Slavic *cěnà (“price”)). Doublet of peine. Compare Danish pine, Norwegian Bokmål pine, German Pein, Dutch pijn, Afrikaans pyn. See also pine (the verb). Partly displaced native Old English sār (whence Modern English sore).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*kʷey-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionpeyneenm
- Derivation mentionpoenala
- Derivation mentionποινήgrc
- Derivation mention*kʷoinā́grk-pro
- Derivation mention*kʷoynéh₂ine-pro · payment
- Cognate mention*cěnàsla-pro · price
- Doublet mentionpeineen
- Cognate mentionpineda
- Cognate mentionpinenb
- Cognate mentionPeinde
- Cognate mentionpijnnl
- Cognate mentionpynaf
- Non-cognate comparisonsārang
This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
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"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷey-"
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{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "peyne"
},
"expansion": "Middle English peyne"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"2": "xno",
"3": "peine",
"4": "peine, paine"
},
"expansion": "Anglo-Norman peine, paine"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"2": "la",
"3": "poena",
"4": "",
"5": "punishment, pain"
},
"expansion": "Latin poena (“punishment, pain”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"2": "grc",
"3": "ποινή",
"4": "",
"5": "bloodmoney, weregild, fine, price paid, penalty"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “bloodmoney, weregild, fine, price paid, penalty”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"3": "*kʷoinā́"
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{
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"args": {
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"3": "*kʷoynéh₂",
"t": "payment"
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂ (“payment”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "*cěnà",
"t": "price"
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"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *cěnà (“price”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "peine"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of peine"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "pine"
},
"expansion": "Danish pine"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "pine"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål pine"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pein"
},
"expansion": "German Pein"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pijn"
},
"expansion": "Dutch pijn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "pyn"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans pyn"
},
{
"name": "ncog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sār"
},
"expansion": "Old English sār"
}
],
"links": [
[
"peyne",
"peyne#Middle_English"
],
[
"payne",
"payne#Middle_English"
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[
"peine, paine",
"peine#Old_French"
],
[
"poena",
"poena#Latin"
],
[
"ποινή",
"ποινή#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"*kʷoinā́",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Hellenic/kʷoinā́"
],
[
"*kʷoynéh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷoynéh₂"
],
[
"*cěnà",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/cěna"
],
[
"peine",
"peine#English"
],
[
"pine",
"pine#Danish"
],
[
"pine",
"pine#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Pein",
"Pein#German"
],
[
"pijn",
"pijn#Dutch"
],
[
"pyn",
"pyn#Afrikaans"
],
[
"pine",
"pine#English"
],
[
"sār",
"sar#Old_English"
],
[
"sore",
"sore#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To hurt; to put to bodily uneasiness or anguish; to afflict with uneasy sensations of any degree of intensity; to torment; to torture.",
"To render uneasy in mind; to disquiet; to distress; to grieve.",
"To inflict suffering upon as a penalty; to punish.",
"To hurt; to feel painful."
],
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"An ache or bodily suffering, or an instance of this; an unpleasant sensation, resulting from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; hurt.",
"The pangs or sufferings of childbirth, caused by contractions of the uterus.",
"The condition or fact of suffering or anguish especially mental, as opposed to pleasure; torment; distress",
"An annoying person or thing."
],
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