*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of pagan

From Middle English pagan (adjective and noun), from Latin pāgānus (“rural, rustic; civilian”), replaced Middle English payen from the same root. The meaning “not Christian” arose in Vulgar Latin, probably from the 4th c

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
noun

A person not adhering to a main world religion; a follower of a pantheistic or nature-worshipping religion. · An uncivilized or unsocialized person. · An unruly, badly educated child. · An outlaw biker who is a member of the Pagans MC.

adj

Relating to, characteristic of religions that differ from main world religions. · Savage, immoral, uncivilized, wild.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English pagan (adjective and noun), from Latin pāgānus (“rural, rustic; civilian”), replaced Middle English payen from the same root. The meaning “not Christian” arose in Vulgar Latin, probably from the 4th century, owing to the Roman countryside being largely non-Christian, or potentially from the “civilian” meaning—denoting those not in the “army of Christ”. As a self-designation of neopagans, attested since 1990. Partly displaced native heathen, from Old English hǣþen. Note the opposition: pagan, peasant (related via pāgus), rustic, savage (<< Latin silvāticus), villain (<< Latin vīllānus), boorish vs. urbane, civil, courteous (akin to court). Also note Ancient Greek ἄγροικος (ágroikos) vs. ἀστεῖος (asteîos).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*peh₂ǵ-ine-pro
  • Inherited-form mentionpaganenm
  • Derivation mentionpāgānusla · rural, rustic; civilian
  • Inherited-form mentionpayenenm
  • Non-cognate comparisonhǣþenang

This page abbreviates 1 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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        "3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
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      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "pagan",
        "pos": "adjective and noun"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English pagan (adjective and noun)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pāgānus",
        "t": "rural, rustic; civilian"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pāgānus (“rural, rustic; civilian”)"
    },
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      "name": "inh",
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      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin"
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      "name": "ncog",
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      },
      "expansion": "Old English hǣþen"
    },
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      "name": "m+",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "silvāticus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin silvāticus"
    },
    {
      "name": "m+",
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vīllānus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vīllānus"
    },
    {
      "name": "m+",
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἄγροικος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄγροικος (ágroikos)"
    }
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      "payen#Middle_English"
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      "heathen",
      "heathen#English"
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      "hǣþen",
      "hæþen#Old_English"
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      "pagan#English"
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      "villain",
      "villain#English"
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      "vīllānus",
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    ],
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      "urbane",
      "urbane#English"
    ],
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      "civil",
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    ],
    [
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      "courteous#English"
    ],
    [
      "court",
      "court#English"
    ],
    [
      "ἄγροικος",
      "ἄγροικος#Ancient_Greek"
    ],
    [
      "ἀστεῖος",
      "ἀστεῖος#Ancient_Greek"
    ]
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        "An unruly, badly educated child.",
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      ],
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for pagan →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-cGFnYW4