*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of poor

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-? Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w(o)p(o)rh₃o- Proto-Italic *paw(o)paro-? Latin dīvesinflu. Latin pauper Old French povrebor. Middle English povre English p

1 source sectionExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

Synonym of impoverish, to make poor. · To become poor. · To call someone poor.

noun

The poor people of a society or the world collectively, the poor class of a society. · the second-to-last placer in Tycoon

adj

With no or few possessions or money, particularly in relation to contemporaries who do have them. · Of low quality. · Worthy of pity. · Deficient in a specified way.

noun

A poor person. · Synonym of poor cod.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-? Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w(o)p(o)rh₃o- Proto-Italic *paw(o)paro-? Latin dīvesinflu. Latin pauper Old French povrebor. Middle English povre English poor Inherited from Middle English povre, povere, from Old French and Anglo-Norman povre, poure, from Latin pauper, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”). Doublet of pauper. Displanced native wantsome, Middle English unlede (“poor”, from Old English unlǣde), Middle English unweli, unwely (“poor, unwealthy”, from Old English un- + weliġ (“well-to-do, prosperous, rich”)) and almost fully arm.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 2 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "name": "etymon",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:povre",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peh₂w-\nProto-Indo-European *perh₃-?\nProto-Indo-European *peh₂w(o)p(o)rh₃o-\nProto-Italic *paw(o)paro-?\nLatin dīvesinflu.\nLatin pauper\nOld French povrebor.\nMiddle English povre\nEnglish poor\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*paw(o)paro-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*peh₂w(o)p(o)rh₃o-\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*peh₂w-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*perh₃-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"dīves\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"pauper\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"povre\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"povre\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"poor\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"poor\">"
    },
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      "args": {
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      },
      "expansion": "Middle English povre, povere"
    },
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      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro,xno",
        "3": "povre,poure"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French and Anglo-Norman povre, poure"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pauper"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pauper"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₂w-",
        "t": "few, small"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, small”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "dbt",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pauper"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of pauper"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "unlǣde"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English unlǣde"
    },
    {
      "name": "ncog",
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "unlede",
        "t": "poor",
        "ng": "from Old English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">unlǣde</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English unlede (“poor”, from Old English unlǣde)"
    },
    {
      "name": "m+",
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "un-"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English un-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "unweli,unwely",
        "3": "",
        "4": "poor, unwealthy",
        "ng": "from Old English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">un-</i> + <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ang\">weliġ</i> (“well-to-do, prosperous, rich”)"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English unweli, unwely (“poor, unwealthy”, from Old English un- + weliġ (“well-to-do, prosperous, rich”))"
    },
    {
      "name": "etymon",
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        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:povre",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *peh₂w-\nProto-Indo-European *perh₃-?\nProto-Indo-European *peh₂w(o)p(o)rh₃o-\nProto-Italic *paw(o)paro-?\nLatin dīvesinflu.\nLatin pauper\nOld French povrebor.\nMiddle English povre\nEnglish poor"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
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      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peh₂w-"
    ],
    [
      "*perh₃-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/perh₃-"
    ],
    [
      "dīves",
      "dives#Latin"
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      "pauper",
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      "povre",
      "povre#Old_French"
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      "povre#Middle_English"
    ],
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      "povre#Middle_English"
    ],
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      "povere",
      "povere#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "Old French",
      "povre#Old_French"
    ],
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      "povre",
      "povre#Old_French"
    ],
    [
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      "poure#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "pauper",
      "pauper#Latin"
    ],
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      "*peh₂w-",
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    ],
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      "pauper",
      "pauper#English"
    ],
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      "wantsome",
      "wantsome#English"
    ],
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      "unlede",
      "unlede#Middle_English"
    ],
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      "unlǣde",
      "unlæde#Old_English"
    ],
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      "unweli",
      "unweli#Middle_English"
    ],
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      "unwely",
      "unwely#Middle_English"
    ],
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      "un-",
      "un-#Old_English"
    ],
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      "weliġ",
      "welig#Old_English"
    ],
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      "arm",
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    ]
  ],
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  "descendants": [],
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        "To call someone poor."
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for poor →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-cG9vcg