Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗adj
Given or declared under oath. · Bound as though by an oath. · Ardent, devout.
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventorypast participle of swear
From Middle English sworen, isworen, from Old English sworen, ġesworen, from Proto-West Germanic *swaran, *giswaran, from Proto-Germanic *swaranaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to swear”), equivalent to swear + -en.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
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},
"expansion": "Middle English sworen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
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},
"expansion": "Old English sworen"
},
{
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"args": {
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"2": "gmw-pro",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swaran"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swaranaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swaranaz"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarjaną",
"t": "to swear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarjaną (“to swear”)"
},
{
"name": "af",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "swear",
"3": "-en<id:past participle>"
},
"expansion": "swear + -en"
}
],
"links": [
[
"sworen",
"sworen#Middle_English"
],
[
"isworen",
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],
[
"sworen",
"sworen#Old_English"
],
[
"ġesworen",
"gesworen#Old_English"
],
[
"*swaran",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swaran"
],
[
"*giswaran",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/giswaran"
],
[
"*swaranaz",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swaranaz"
],
[
"*swarjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swarjaną"
],
[
"swear",
"swear#English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#English:_past_participle"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "adj",
"glosses": [
"Given or declared under oath.",
"Bound as though by an oath.",
"Ardent, devout."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
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{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"past participle of swear"
],
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],
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}