Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗noun
A blemish.
verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo soil or stain; to dirty. · To corrupt or damage. · To become soiled or tarnished.
From Middle English sulen, sulien (“to become dirty; to defile, pollute, taint”), from Old English sylian (“to soil, pollute; to sully”), from Proto-West Germanic *sulwōn, *sulwijan (“to make dirty; to sully”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid, muck”), perhaps conflated partially with Old French souillier (“to soil”) (modern French souiller) from the same Germanic source. The word is cognate with Danish søle (“to sully”), West Flemish seulewen (“to sully”) (Middle Dutch soluwen (“to sully”)), German sühlen (“to sully”), Old Saxon sulian (“to sully”), Swedish söla (“to sully”). Also compare Middle English sulpen (“to defile, pollute”), Old English solian (“to soil, become defiled, make or become foul”), and see more at soil.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionsulenenm
- Inherited-form mentionsylianang
- Inherited-form mention*sulwōngmw-pro
- Derivation mention*sūl-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionsouillierfro
- Cognate mentionsouillerfr
- Cognate mentionsøleda
- Cognate mentionseulewenvls
- Cognate mentionsoluwendum
- Cognate mentionsühlende
- Cognate mentionsulianosx
- Cognate mentionsölasv
- Cognate mentionsulpenenm
- Cognate mentionsolianang
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sulen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sulen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sylian",
"4": "",
"5": "to soil, pollute; to sully"
},
"expansion": "Old English sylian (“to soil, pollute; to sully”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sulwōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sulwōn"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sūl-",
"4": "",
"5": "thick liquid, muck"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid, muck”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "souillier",
"3": "",
"4": "to soil"
},
"expansion": "Old French souillier (“to soil”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "souiller"
},
"expansion": "French souiller"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "søle",
"3": "",
"4": "to sully"
},
"expansion": "Danish søle (“to sully”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "vls",
"2": "seulewen",
"3": "",
"4": "to sully"
},
"expansion": "West Flemish seulewen (“to sully”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "soluwen",
"3": "",
"4": "to sully"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch soluwen (“to sully”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sühlen",
"3": "",
"4": "to sully"
},
"expansion": "German sühlen (“to sully”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "sulian",
"3": "",
"4": "to sully"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon sulian (“to sully”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "söla",
"3": "",
"4": "to sully"
},
"expansion": "Swedish söla (“to sully”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sulpen",
"3": "",
"4": "to defile, pollute"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sulpen (“to defile, pollute”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "solian",
"3": "",
"4": "to soil, become defiled, make or become foul"
},
"expansion": "Old English solian (“to soil, become defiled, make or become foul”)"
}
],
"links": [
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"child",
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],
[
"face",
"face#Noun"
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[
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"hand#Noun"
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[
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"mud"
],
[
"sulen",
"sulen#Middle_English"
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[
"sulien",
"sulien#Middle_English"
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[
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[
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],
[
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],
[
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sūl-"
],
[
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[
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[
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[
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[
"soluwen",
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],
[
"sühlen",
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],
[
"sulian",
"sulian#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"söla",
"söla#Swedish"
],
[
"sulpen",
"sulpen#Middle_English"
],
[
"solian",
"solian#Old_English"
],
[
"soil",
"soil#English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A blemish."
],
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{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To soil or stain; to dirty.",
"To corrupt or damage.",
"To become soiled or tarnished."
],
"tags": [
"transitive",
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"intransitive"
],
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