Unnumbered source etymology · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryA food consisting of small, sweet crystals, principally of sucrose, obtained from sugar cane or sugar beet and used as sweetener and preservative. · Any specific variety of sugar. · Any of various small, water-soluble carbohydrates such as are used by organisms for energy and various other purposes. · A small serving of this substance (typically about one teaspoon), used to sweeten a drink.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH Sanskrit शर्क॑रा (śárkarā) Gandhari 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara)bor. Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (šakar)bor. Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar)bor. Old Italian zuccherobor. Old French çucrebor. Middle English sugre English sugar Inherited from Middle English sugre, borrowed from Old French çucre, borrowed from Old Italian zucchero, borrowed from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), borrowed from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (šakar), borrowed from Gandhari 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara), from Sanskrit शर्क॑रा (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel”). Akin to Ancient Greek κρόκη (krókē, “pebble”), whence the words crocodile and krokodil are derived. Doublet of jaggery and sucro-. The verb is from Middle English sugren, from the noun.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
This page abbreviates 10 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:sugre",
"id": "sugar sugar",
"tree": "1",
"text": "++"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂\nProto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH\nProto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH\nSanskrit शर्क॑रा (śárkarā)\nGandhari 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara)bor.\nMiddle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (šakar)bor.\nArabic سُكَّر (sukkar)bor.\nOld Italian zuccherobor.\nOld French çucrebor.\nMiddle English sugre\nEnglish sugar\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"sugar\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"𐭱𐭪𐭥\", \"transliteration\" : \"šakar\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"gravel\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱorkeh₂\", \"gloss\" : \"gravel\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*ćárkaraH\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"iir-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-Aryan\", \"term\" : \"*śárkaraH\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"inc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Sanskrit\", \"term\" : \"शर्क॑रा\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sa\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Gandhari\", \"term\" : \"𐨭𐨐𐨪\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pgd\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Persian\", \"term\" : \"škl\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pal\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Arabic\", \"term\" : \"سُكَّر\", \"lang\" : \"ar\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Italian\", \"term\" : \"zucchero\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"roa-oit\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"çucre\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sugre\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"sugar\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"sugar sugar\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"sugar\" id=\"English:_sugar_sugar\">\nInherited from Middle English sugre, borrowed from Old French çucre, borrowed from Old Italian zucchero, borrowed from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), borrowed from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (šakar), borrowed from Gandhari 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara), from Sanskrit शर्क॑रा (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel”)."
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρόκη",
"3": "",
"4": "pebble"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρόκη (krókē, “pebble”)"
},
{
"name": "doublet",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jaggery",
"3": "sucro-"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of jaggery and sucro-"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sugren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sugren"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:sugre",
"id": "sugar sugar",
"tree": "1",
"text": "++"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂\nProto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH\nProto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH\nSanskrit शर्क॑रा (śárkarā)\nGandhari 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara)bor.\nMiddle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (šakar)bor.\nArabic سُكَّر (sukkar)bor.\nOld Italian zuccherobor.\nOld French çucrebor.\nMiddle English sugre\nEnglish sugar\nInherited from Middle English sugre, borrowed from Old French çucre, borrowed from Old Italian zucchero, borrowed from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), borrowed from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭪𐭥 (šakar), borrowed from Gandhari 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara), from Sanskrit शर्क॑रा (śárkarā), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel”)."
}
],
"links": [
[
"*ḱorkeh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱorkeh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_gravel"
],
[
"*ćárkaraH",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćárkaraH"
],
[
"*śárkaraH",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/śárkaraH"
],
[
"शर्क॑रा",
"शर्करा#Sanskrit"
],
[
"𐨭𐨐𐨪",
"𐨭𐨐𐨪#Gandhari"
],
[
"𐭱𐭪𐭥",
"škl#Middle_Persian"
],
[
"سُكَّر",
"سكر#Arabic:_sugar"
],
[
"zucchero",
"zucchero#Italian"
],
[
"çucre",
"çucre#Old_French"
],
[
"sugre",
"sugre#Middle_English"
],
[
"sugre",
"sugre#Middle_English"
],
[
"çucre",
"çucre#Old_French"
],
[
"zucchero",
"zucchero#Italian"
],
[
"سُكَّر",
"سكر#Arabic:_sugar"
],
[
"𐭱𐭪𐭥",
"škl#Middle_Persian"
],
[
"𐨭𐨐𐨪",
"𐨭𐨐𐨪#Gandhari"
],
[
"शर्क॑रा",
"शर्करा#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*śárkaraH",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Aryan/śárkaraH"
],
[
"*ćárkaraH",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćárkaraH"
],
[
"*ḱorkeh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱorkeh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_gravel"
],
[
"κρόκη",
"κρόκη#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"crocodile",
"crocodile#English"
],
[
"krokodil",
"krokodil#English"
],
[
"jaggery",
"jaggery#English"
],
[
"sucro-",
"sucro-#English"
],
[
"sugren",
"sugren#Middle_English"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Abenaki",
"lang_code": "abe",
"word": "sogal",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Australian Kriol",
"lang_code": "rop",
"word": "juga"
},
{
"lang": "Australian Kriol",
"lang_code": "rop",
"word": "suga"
},
{
"lang": "Belizean Creole",
"lang_code": "bzj",
"word": "shuga"
},
{
"lang": "Bislama",
"lang_code": "bi",
"word": "suga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Cree",
"lang_code": "cr",
"word": "ᓲᑳᐤ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sookaaw"
},
{
"lang": "Fijian",
"lang_code": "fj",
"word": "suka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Gilbertese",
"lang_code": "gil",
"word": "tioka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Inuktitut",
"lang_code": "iu",
"word": "ᓱᑲᒃ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sokak"
},
{
"lang": "Krio",
"lang_code": "kri",
"word": "shuga"
},
{
"lang": "Malecite-Passamaquoddy",
"lang_code": "pqm",
"word": "sukol",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"word": "huka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Marshallese",
"lang_code": "mh",
"word": "juga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Samoan",
"lang_code": "sm",
"word": "suka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Shona",
"lang_code": "sn",
"word": "shuga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Sotho",
"lang_code": "st",
"word": "tswekere",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"word": "షుగర్",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ṣugar"
},
{
"lang": "Telugu",
"lang_code": "te",
"word": "షుగరు",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "ṣugaru"
},
{
"lang": "Tlingit",
"lang_code": "tli",
"word": "shóogaa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Tongan",
"lang_code": "to",
"word": "suka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Tsonga",
"lang_code": "ts",
"word": "chukela",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Tswana",
"lang_code": "tn",
"word": "sukiri",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "suga"
},
{
"lang": "Unami",
"lang_code": "unm",
"word": "shukël",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Wallisian",
"lang_code": "wls",
"word": "suka",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Zulu",
"lang_code": "zu",
"word": "ushukela",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "noun",
"glosses": [
"A food consisting of small, sweet crystals, principally of sucrose, obtained from sugar cane or sugar beet and used as sweetener and preservative.",
"Any specific variety of sugar.",
"Any of various small, water-soluble carbohydrates such as are used by organisms for energy and various other purposes.",
"A small serving of this substance (typically about one teaspoon), used to sweeten a drink."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"countable"
],
"recordId": "8f45485a050699f1a489504fc92a2990b8610021a636fdfe4efccebfe4e16a20",
"rawRecordSha256": "9f5fe1d598c6091a4c5467a7fba56d86b8a8d9598ffce600571eb7c5bb2d1760",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 38594
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 10,
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}
}