*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of stour

From Middle English store, stoor, stour (“tall, powerful”), from Old English stōr (“tall, great, mighty, strong”), from Proto-West Germanic *stōr, from Proto-Germanic *stōraz, *stōrijaz (“great, big, strong”), from Proto

3 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 3 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
adj

Tall; big; stout. · Strong; powerful; hardy; robust; sturdy. · Bold; audacious. · Rough in manner; stern; austere; ill-tempered.

noun

A blowing or deposit of dust; dust in motion or at rest; dust in general.

adv

Severely; strongly.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English store, stoor, stour (“tall, powerful”), from Old English stōr (“tall, great, mighty, strong”), from Proto-West Germanic *stōr, from Proto-Germanic *stōraz, *stōrijaz (“great, big, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *stā-r-, *stō-r- (“steadfast, firm; standing tall; big, bulky”). Cognates Akin to Scots stour (“tall, large, great, stout”), Saterland Frisian stor (“great, many”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian stor (“large, great”), Icelandic stórr (“large, tall”), Polish stary (“old, ancient”), Albanian stër- (“big, huge”). Compare also stoor, steer, stately.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

This page abbreviates 3 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "root",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steh₂-"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "store"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English store"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "stōr",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tall, great, mighty, strong"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English stōr (“tall, great, mighty, strong”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*stōr"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stōr"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*stōraz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stōraz"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*steh₂-",
        "4": "*stā-r-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stā-r-"
    },
    {
      "name": "col-top",
      "args": {
        "1": "2",
        "2": "cog"
      },
      "expansion": "Cognates"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "stour",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tall, large, great, stout"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots stour (“tall, large, great, stout”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "stor",
        "3": "",
        "4": "great, many"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian stor (“great, many”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "stórr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "large, tall"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic stórr (“large, tall”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "stary",
        "3": "",
        "4": "old, ancient"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish stary (“old, ancient”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "store",
      "store#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "stoor",
      "stoor#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "stour",
      "stour#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "stōr",
      "stor#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*stōr",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stōr"
    ],
    [
      "*stōraz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stōraz"
    ],
    [
      "*stōrijaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stōrijaz"
    ],
    [
      "*stā-r-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-"
    ],
    [
      "stour",
      "stour#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "stor",
      "stor#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "stor",
      "stor#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "stórr",
      "stórr#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "stary",
      "stary#Polish"
    ],
    [
      "stër-",
      "stër-#Albanian"
    ],
    [
      "stoor",
      "stoor#English"
    ],
    [
      "steer",
      "steer#English"
    ],
    [
      "stately",
      "stately#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adj",
      "glosses": [
        "Tall; big; stout.",
        "Strong; powerful; hardy; robust; sturdy.",
        "Bold; audacious.",
        "Rough in manner; stern; austere; ill-tempered."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "regional"
      ],
      "recordId": "1e83ce2dd5b0a9ef8201eef1eb54799284f28dc7957045f8ec37c1028efade7e",
      "rawRecordSha256": "0fe92dcd536d89be2d8556e7cc92a2cf55034aba26ff80d4d410f5e79017f691",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 287941
    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A blowing or deposit of dust; dust in motion or at rest; dust in general."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "Ulster",
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "recordId": "7e41be9a0d2cb693d79c284bb4f77cd6fbd6b8abec70a6dd98c08d2d19a9a31b",
      "rawRecordSha256": "7ba1620349fb285d2c5c47175a5d5b631f495a6156afddb9ec9ed993b3a0da58",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 287942
    },
    {
      "pos": "adv",
      "glosses": [
        "Severely; strongly."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "recordId": "d71179348403fc76cd4eb9603c13f47b2fffcc4e88d9f3f10e39284961f8cb3e",
      "rawRecordSha256": "f367bf71d0bc67deecab8ef225de3d187262d609527e64b35e3dbefec6fb3b96",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 287943
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 3,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 2

Original entry ↗
noun

A stake. · A round of a ladder. · A stave in the side of a wagon. · A large pole by which barges are propelled against the stream; a poy.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English stoure, stourre, from Old Norse staurr (“a stake, pale”), from Proto-Germanic *stauraz (“pole, support”), from Proto-Indo-European *stā- (“to stand, place”). Cognate with Icelandic staur (“a stake, pole”), Ancient Greek σταυρός (staurós, “a stake, cross”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "stoure"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stoure"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "non",
        "3": "staurr",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a stake, pale"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse staurr (“a stake, pale”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*stauraz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "pole, support"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stauraz (“pole, support”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*stā-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to stand, place"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stā- (“to stand, place”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "staur",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a stake, pole"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic staur (“a stake, pole”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σταυρός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a stake, cross"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek σταυρός (staurós, “a stake, cross”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "stoure",
      "stoure#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "stourre",
      "stourre#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "staurr",
      "staurr#Old_Norse"
    ],
    [
      "*stauraz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stauraz"
    ],
    [
      "*stā-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/stā-"
    ],
    [
      "staur",
      "staur#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "σταυρός",
      "σταυρός#Ancient_Greek"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A stake.",
        "A round of a ladder.",
        "A stave in the side of a wagon.",
        "A large pole by which barges are propelled against the stream; a poy."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "10280bc8725b3a4b6a52144a10da1649670313b75a142128bc4399d33b5e1a15",
      "rawRecordSha256": "558e46950ec96af39d231f459a8312d5354eaaba175271eeb517013fa30b38bd",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 287944
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
verb

Alternative form of stoor.

noun

An armed battle or conflict. · A time of struggle or stress. · Tumult, commotion; confusion.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English stour, stor (“conflict”) from Anglo-Norman estur (“conflict, struggle”), from Old French estour, estor, estorme, estourmie, estormie (“battle, assault, conflict, tumult”), from Vulgar Latin *estorma, *storma (“battle, conflict, storm”), from Frankish *sturm (“storm, commotion, battle”), from Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (“storm”). Akin to Old High German sturm (“battle, storm”). More at storm.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "stour"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stour"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "estur",
        "4": "",
        "5": "conflict, struggle"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman estur (“conflict, struggle”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "estour"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French estour"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la-vul",
        "3": "*estorma"
      },
      "expansion": "Vulgar Latin *estorma"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*sturm",
        "4": "",
        "5": "storm, commotion, battle"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *sturm (“storm, commotion, battle”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sturmaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "storm"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sturmaz (“storm”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "sturm",
        "3": "",
        "4": "battle, storm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German sturm (“battle, storm”)"
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "stour",
      "stour#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "stor",
      "stor#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "estur",
      "estur#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "estour",
      "estour#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "estor",
      "estor#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "estorme",
      "estorme#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "estourmie",
      "estourmie#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "estormie",
      "estormie#Old_French"
    ],
    [
      "*estorma",
      "Reconstruction:Latin/estorma"
    ],
    [
      "*storma",
      "Reconstruction:Latin/storma"
    ],
    [
      "*sturm",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sturm"
    ],
    [
      "*sturmaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturmaz"
    ],
    [
      "sturm",
      "sturm#Old_High_German"
    ],
    [
      "storm",
      "storm#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of stoor."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ],
      "recordId": "3c08e617dcbc941c412c5c12f2fa35cdffa348796118a782af06819426fd9c4c",
      "rawRecordSha256": "0c1a532df2fc8a8a8bf0bb3fa3b35f45196bae7dcbbe85f6c05188e91282a786",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 287946
    },
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "An armed battle or conflict.",
        "A time of struggle or stress.",
        "Tumult, commotion; confusion."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "recordId": "b11fc93347d7cee7bd54179cda0a5142f8f793ca6f1eb61564e3815962769277",
      "rawRecordSha256": "d7f5dd0c9f69992ee2babd7b1cd0c18fdab0cce25b9315c50fd2c5f88f124987",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 287945
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
    "links": 0,
    "references": 0,
    "descendants": 0,
    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for stour →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-c3RvdXI