Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗To cease moving. · Not to continue. · To cause (something) to cease moving or progressing. · To cease; to no longer continue.
From Middle English stoppen, stoppien, from Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”), from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn, from Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”), *stuppijaną (“to push, pierce, prick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-, *(s)tewb- (“to push; stick”), from *(s)tew- (“to bump; impact; butt; push; beat; strike; hit”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian stopje (“to stop, block”), West Frisian stopje (“to stop”), Dutch stoppen (“to stop”), Low German stoppen (“to stop”), German stopfen (“to be filling, stuff”), German stoppen (“to stop”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål stoppe (“to stop”), Icelandic, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish stoppa (“to stop”), Middle High German stupfen, stüpfen (“to pierce”). More at stuff, stump. Alternative etymology derives Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn from an assumed Vulgar Latin *stūpāre, *stuppāre (“to stop up with tow”), from stūpa, stīpa, stuppa (“tow, flax, oakum”), from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē, “tow, flax, oakum”). This derivation, however, is doubtful, as the earliest instances of the Germanic verb do not carry the meaning of "stuff, stop with tow". Rather, these senses developed later in response to influence from similar sounding words in Latin and Romance.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*(s)tewp-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionstoppenenm
- Inherited-form mentionstoppianang · to stop, close
- Inherited-form mention*stoppōngmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*stuppōnągem-pro · to stop, close
- Derivation mention*(s)tewp-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionstopjestq
- Cognate mentionstopjefy
- Cognate mentionstoppennl
- Cognate mentionstoppennds
- Cognate mentionstopfende
- Cognate mentionstoppende
- Cognate mentionstupfengmh
- Cognate mentionστύπηgrc
This page abbreviates 12 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewp-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:stoppen",
"id": "cease moving"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"stoppian\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"stoppen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"stop\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"cease moving\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"stop\" id=\"English:_cease_moving\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stoppen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stoppen"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "stoppian",
"t": "to stop, close"
},
"expansion": "Old English stoppian (“to stop, close”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stoppōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stuppōną",
"t": "to stop, close"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stuppōną (“to stop, close”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tewp-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewp-"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "stopje",
"3": "",
"4": "to stop, block"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian stopje (“to stop, block”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stopje",
"3": "",
"4": "to stop"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian stopje (“to stop”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stoppen",
"3": "",
"4": "to stop"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stoppen (“to stop”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "stoppen",
"3": "",
"4": "to stop"
},
"expansion": "Low German stoppen (“to stop”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stopfen",
"3": "",
"4": "to be filling, stuff"
},
"expansion": "German stopfen (“to be filling, stuff”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stoppen",
"3": "",
"4": "to stop"
},
"expansion": "German stoppen (“to stop”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb",
"2": "stoppe",
"3": "",
"4": "to stop"
},
"expansion": "Danish and Norwegian Bokmål stoppe (“to stop”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "is,nn,sv",
"2": "stoppa",
"3": "",
"4": "to stop"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish stoppa (“to stop”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stupfen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stupfen"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la-vul",
"2": "*stūpāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *stūpāre"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στύπη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē)"
},
{
"name": "ety",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:stoppen",
"id": "cease moving"
},
"expansion": ""
}
],
"links": [
[
"stoppen",
"stoppen#Middle_English"
],
[
"stoppien",
"stoppien#Middle_English"
],
[
"stoppian",
"stoppian#Old_English"
],
[
"*stoppōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stoppōn"
],
[
"*stuppōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stuppōną"
],
[
"*stuppijaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stuppijaną"
],
[
"*(s)tewp-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)tewp-"
],
[
"*(s)tewb-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)tewb-"
],
[
"*(s)tew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)tew-"
],
[
"stopje",
"stopje#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"stopje",
"stopje#West_Frisian"
],
[
"stoppen",
"stoppen#Dutch"
],
[
"stoppen",
"stoppen#Low_German"
],
[
"stopfen",
"stopfen#German"
],
[
"stoppen",
"stoppen#German"
],
[
"Danish",
"stoppe#Danish"
],
[
"stoppe",
"stoppe#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Icelandic",
"stoppa#Icelandic"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"stoppa#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"stoppa",
"stoppa#Swedish"
],
[
"stupfen",
"stupfen#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"stüpfen",
"stüpfen#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"stuff",
"stuff"
],
[
"stump",
"stump"
],
[
"*stūpāre",
"Reconstruction:Latin/stupare"
],
[
"*stuppāre",
"Reconstruction:Latin/stuppare"
],
[
"stūpa",
"stupa#Latin"
],
[
"stīpa",
"stipa#Latin"
],
[
"stuppa",
"stuppa#Latin"
],
[
"στύπη",
"στύπη#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"στύππη",
"στύππη#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"word": "stop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "stop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"word": "στοπ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "stop"
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "stop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "stop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "stop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "stop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"word": "استوپ",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "istop"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "stop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "stop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"word": "стоп",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "stop"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "stop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "stopio",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Tok Pisin",
"lang_code": "tpi",
"word": "stap",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To cease moving.",
"Not to continue.",
"To cause (something) to cease moving or progressing.",
"To cease; to no longer continue."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"transitive"
],
"recordId": "09f6afd8ea0b781edb0cc1c71fd71ac12e336fabc9be2ec2b66f35b6843ace39",
"rawRecordSha256": "e07943c0645bde9a1adf35e963a901ddbfaaf5ad0a711276d89e2006c094ae68",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 42732
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 12,
"glosses": 0
}
}