Unnumbered source etymology
Original entry ↗A pile or bundle, especially of straw. · A group of six or eight sheaves of grain stacked to dry vertically in a rectangular arrangement at harvest time, largely obsolete since the advent of combine harvesters and powered grain driers (mid 20th century). · A handkerchief.
To make stooks.
From Middle English stowk, stouke, stouc, from or cognate with Middle Low German stûke (“bundle of grain”), from Middle Low German stûken (“to push, bump, compress”), from Old Saxon *stūkan, from Proto-Germanic *stūkaną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”). The modern vocalism is of Northern dialectal origin (for expected stuck; compare duck, puck, and suck). Cognate with West Frisian stûkje (“to pile up, stop”), Dutch stuiken (“to bundle, stamp”), German stauchen (“to compress”), Swedish stuka (“to rick, wrench, upset”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to whack, chop”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionstowkenm
- Derivation mentionstûkegml · bundle of grain
- Derivation mentionstûkengml · to push, bump, compress
- Derivation mention*stūkanosx
- Derivation mention*stūkanągem-pro · to be stiff, push
- Derivation mention*(s)tewg-ine-pro · to pound, push, beat
- Cognate mentionstûkjefy · to pile up, stop
- Cognate mentionstuikennl · to bundle, stamp
- Cognate mentionstauchende · to compress
- Cognate mentionstukasv · to rick, wrench, upset
- Cognate mentionstaukann · to whack, chop
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stowk"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stowk"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stûke",
"t": "bundle of grain"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stûke (“bundle of grain”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
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"2": "gml",
"3": "stûken",
"t": "to push, bump, compress"
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"expansion": "Middle Low German stûken (“to push, bump, compress”)"
},
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{
"name": "der",
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"t": "to pound, push, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to pound, push, beat”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "stûkje",
"t": "to pile up, stop"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian stûkje (“to pile up, stop”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "stuiken",
"t": "to bundle, stamp"
},
"expansion": "Dutch stuiken (“to bundle, stamp”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stauchen",
"t": "to compress"
},
"expansion": "German stauchen (“to compress”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
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"t": "to rick, wrench, upset"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stuka (“to rick, wrench, upset”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stauka",
"t": "to whack, chop"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to whack, chop”)"
}
],
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[
"stowk",
"stowk#Middle_English"
],
[
"stouke",
"stouke#Middle_English"
],
[
"stouc",
"stouc#Middle_English"
],
[
"stûke",
"stuke#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"stûken",
"stuken#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"*stūkan",
"Reconstruction:Old Saxon/stukan"
],
[
"*stūkaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stūkaną"
],
[
"*(s)tewg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)tewg-"
],
[
"stuck",
"stuck#English"
],
[
"duck",
"duck#English"
],
[
"puck",
"puck#English"
],
[
"suck",
"suck#English"
],
[
"stûkje",
"stûkje#West_Frisian"
],
[
"stuiken",
"stuiken#Dutch"
],
[
"stauchen",
"stauchen#German"
],
[
"stuka",
"stuka#Swedish"
],
[
"stauka",
"stauka#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
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{
"pos": "noun",
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"A pile or bundle, especially of straw.",
"A group of six or eight sheaves of grain stacked to dry vertically in a rectangular arrangement at harvest time, largely obsolete since the advent of combine harvesters and powered grain driers (mid 20th century).",
"A handkerchief."
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{
"pos": "verb",
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"To make stooks."
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