Source etymology 1
Original entry ↗verb
To poke, pierce, thrust.
noun
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryAn act of poking, piercing, thrusting
From Middle English stoken, from Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”) or Middle Low German stoken (“to poke, thrust”), from Old Dutch *stokon or Old Saxon *stokon, both from Proto-West Germanic *stokōn, from Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, beat”). Cognate with Middle High German stoken (“to pierce, jab”), Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to push, thrust”). Alternative etymology derives the Middle English word from Old French estoquer, estochier (“to thrust, strike”), from the same Germanic source. More at stock.
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Inherited-form mentionstokenenm
- Derivation mentionstokendum
- Derivation mentionstokengml
- Derivation mention*stokonodt
- Derivation mention*stokonosx
- Derivation mention*stokōngmw-pro
- Derivation mention*stukōnągem-pro
- Derivation mention*(s)tewg-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionstokengmh
- Cognate mentionstaukann
- Derivation mentionestoquerfro
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
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"name": "inh",
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "stoken"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stoken"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"2": "dum",
"3": "stoken",
"4": "",
"5": "to poke, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch stoken (“to poke, thrust”)"
},
{
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"5": "to poke, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stoken (“to poke, thrust”)"
},
{
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"expansion": "Old Dutch *stokon"
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"expansion": "Old Saxon *stokon"
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{
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"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stokōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stokōn"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"2": "gem-pro",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stukōną (“to be stiff, push”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
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"3": "*(s)tewg-",
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"5": "to push, beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewg- (“to push, beat”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
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"2": "stoken",
"3": "",
"4": "to pierce, jab"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stoken (“to pierce, jab”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stauka",
"3": "",
"4": "to push, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk stauka (“to push, thrust”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "estoquer"
},
"expansion": "Old French estoquer"
}
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[
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[
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"*stokon",
"Reconstruction:Old Dutch/stokon"
],
[
"*stokon",
"Reconstruction:Old Saxon/stokon"
],
[
"*stokōn",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stokōn"
],
[
"*stukōną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stukōną"
],
[
"*(s)tewg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)tewg-"
],
[
"stoken",
"stoken#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"stauka",
"stauka#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"estoquer",
"estoquer#Old_French"
],
[
"estochier",
"estochier#Old_French"
],
[
"stock",
"stock#English"
]
],
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"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To poke, pierce, thrust."
],
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