*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of start

Etymology tree Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan Old English styrtan Middle English stertendeverb. Middle English stert English start From Middle English stert, from the verb sterten (“to start, startle”). See below.

5 source sectionsExtended source reportWiktionary original ↗
In this entry · 5 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Source etymology 1

Original entry ↗
noun

The beginning of an activity. · A sudden involuntary movement. · The beginning point of a race, a board game, etc. · An appearance in a sports game, horserace, etc., from the beginning of the event.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Etymology tree Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan Old English styrtan Middle English stertendeverb. Middle English stert English start From Middle English stert, from the verb sterten (“to start, startle”). See below.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Derivation mentionstertenm

This page abbreviates 4 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:stert<id:start>",
        "id": "beginning",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-West Germanic *sturtijan\nOld English styrtan\nMiddle English stertendeverb.\nMiddle English stert\nEnglish start\n[Appendix:Glossary#deverbal|Deverbal]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*sturtijan\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"styrtan\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sterten\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"deverbal\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"stert\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"start\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"beginning\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"start\" id=\"English:_beginning\">"
    },
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      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stert"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
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    }
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  "links": [
    [
      "*sturtijan",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sturtijan"
    ],
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      "styrtan",
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    [
      "sterten",
      "sterten#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "stert",
      "stert#Middle_English:_start"
    ],
    [
      "stert",
      "stert#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "sterten",
      "sterten#Middle_English"
    ]
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      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "Start",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Persian",
      "lang_code": "fa",
      "word": "استارت",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "estârt"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "lang_code": "ja",
      "word": "スタート",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
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        "The beginning of an activity.",
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        "The beginning point of a race, a board game, etc.",
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Source etymology 2 · variant 1/2

Original entry ↗
verb

To set in motion. · To begin. · To ready the operation of a vehicle or machine. · To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion).

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionstertenenm · to leap up suddenly, rush out
  • Inherited-form mentionstyrtanang · to leap up, start
  • Inherited-form mention*sturtijangmw-pro · to startle, move, set in motion
  • Derivation mention*(s)ter-ine-pro · to be stiff
  • Cognate mentionstirtaofs · to fall down, tumble
  • Cognate mentionstertendum · to rush, fall, collapse
  • Cognate mentionstortennl
  • Cognate mentionsturzengoh · to hurl, plunge, turn upside down
  • Cognate mentionstürzende
  • Cognate mentionsterzangoh · to be stiff, protrude

This page abbreviates 10 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:sterten",
        "id": "to begin"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"styrtan\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sterten\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"start\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"to begin\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"start\" id=\"English:_to_begin\">"
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      "name": "inh",
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      },
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    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "styrtan",
        "t": "to leap up, start"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
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        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sturtijan",
        "t": "to startle, move, set in motion"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”)"
    },
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      "name": "der",
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      },
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    },
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      "name": "cog",
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    },
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    },
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      "name": "cog",
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      },
      "expansion": "Dutch storten"
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        "1": "goh",
        "2": "sturzen",
        "t": "to hurl, plunge, turn upside down"
      },
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    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
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        "1": "de",
        "2": "stürzen"
      },
      "expansion": "German stürzen"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
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    ],
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      "stare",
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  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Cantonese",
      "lang_code": "yue",
      "word": "撻",
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        "borrowed"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
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    },
    {
      "lang": "Cantonese",
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      "word": "挞",
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        "borrowed"
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        "Simplified-Chinese"
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    },
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      "lang_code": "nl",
      "word": "starten",
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        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "German",
      "lang_code": "de",
      "word": "starten",
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    },
    {
      "lang": "Norman",
      "lang_code": "nrf",
      "word": "stèrter",
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        "borrowed"
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    },
    {
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "word": "starter",
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        "borrowed"
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    },
    {
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "lang_code": "is",
      "word": "starta",
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        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "lang_code": "fo",
      "word": "starta",
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        "borrowed"
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    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "lang_code": "nb",
      "word": "starte",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "lang_code": "nn",
      "word": "starta",
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        "borrowed"
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    },
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      "word": "starta",
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        "borrowed"
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    },
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      "lang_code": "da",
      "word": "starte",
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      "word": "štartovať",
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        "borrowed"
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Source etymology 2 · variant 2/2

Original entry ↗
noun

An instance of starting.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Inherited-form mentionstertenenm · to leap up suddenly, rush out
  • Inherited-form mentionstyrtanang · to leap up, start
  • Inherited-form mention*sturtijangmw-pro · to startle, move, set in motion
  • Derivation mention*(s)ter-ine-pro · to be stiff
  • Cognate mentionstirtaofs · to fall down, tumble
  • Cognate mentionstertendum · to rush, fall, collapse
  • Cognate mentionstortennl
  • Cognate mentionsturzengoh · to hurl, plunge, turn upside down
  • Cognate mentionstürzende
  • Cognate mentionsterzangoh · to be stiff, protrude
Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "name": "ety",
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        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:sterten",
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      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"styrtan\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"sterten\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"start\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"to begin\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"start\" id=\"English:_to_begin\">"
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    },
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      "name": "der",
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    },
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      "name": "cog",
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        "1": "dum",
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      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”)"
    },
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      "name": "cog",
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Source etymology 3

Original entry ↗
noun

A projection or protrusion; that which pokes out. · The curved or inclined front and bottom of a water wheel bucket. · The arm, or level, of a gin, drawn around by a horse.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English stert, start (“tail, handle, projection”), from Old English steort (“tail”), from Proto-West Germanic *stert, from Proto-Germanic *stertaz (“tail”). Cognate with Scots start, stairt (“side post, shaft, upright post”), Dutch staart (“tail”), German Sterz (“tail, handle”), Danish stjert (“tail of a bird”), Faroese stertur (“tail”), Icelandic stertur (“short horse tail”), Norn skjårt (“tail”), sterti (“tail of a large fish”), stjårt (“tail of a large fish”), Norwegian stjert (“tail of a bird”), Swedish stjärt (“tail, arse”).

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

{
  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
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      },
      "expansion": "Old English steort (“tail”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*stert"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stert"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*stertaz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "tail"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stertaz (“tail”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "start"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots start"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "staart",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tail"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch staart (“tail”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Sterz",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tail, handle"
      },
      "expansion": "German Sterz (“tail, handle”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "stjert",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tail of a bird"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish stjert (“tail of a bird”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fo",
        "2": "stertur",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tail"
      },
      "expansion": "Faroese stertur (“tail”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "stertur",
        "3": "",
        "4": "short horse tail"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic stertur (“short horse tail”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nrn",
        "2": "skjårt",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tail"
      },
      "expansion": "Norn skjårt (“tail”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "stjert",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tail of a bird"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian stjert (“tail of a bird”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "stjärt",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tail, arse"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish stjärt (“tail, arse”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "enm:stert",
        "id": "projection"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "stert",
      "stert#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "start",
      "start#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "steort",
      "steort#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*stert",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stert"
    ],
    [
      "*stertaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stertaz"
    ],
    [
      "start",
      "start#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "stairt",
      "stairt#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "staart",
      "staart#Dutch"
    ],
    [
      "Sterz",
      "Sterz#German"
    ],
    [
      "stjert",
      "stjert#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "stertur",
      "stertur#Faroese"
    ],
    [
      "stertur",
      "stertur#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "skjårt",
      "skjårt#Norn"
    ],
    [
      "sterti",
      "sterti#Norn"
    ],
    [
      "stjårt",
      "stjårt#Norn"
    ],
    [
      "stjert",
      "stjert#Norwegian"
    ],
    [
      "stjärt",
      "stjärt#Swedish"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
        "A projection or protrusion; that which pokes out.",
        "The curved or inclined front and bottom of a water wheel bucket.",
        "The arm, or level, of a gin, drawn around by a horse."
      ],
      "tags": [],
      "recordId": "7fee7892c1f961d8b76fbb7f60985ba5414118076e5bfe4cee523405b32859d9",
      "rawRecordSha256": "26564997211bb85583816f04e835e1d93225ef5b5577ebb92f72bbb0b060a6c4",
      "sourceRecordOrdinal": 47119
    }
  ],
  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
    "templates": 0,
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    "lexicalRecords": 0,
    "lexicalSenses": 0,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Source etymology 4

Original entry ↗
adv

Completely, utterly.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

Variant of stark.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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  "templates": [
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stark",
        "id": "completely"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "ety",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "stark",
        "id": "completely"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    }
  ],
  "links": [
    [
      "stark",
      "stark#English"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "adv",
      "glosses": [
        "Completely, utterly."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "recordId": "f6b8d7897cb36c46a6ab94e1fd3c4973c8569e33a8433d4046a338958afbea2e",
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}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for start →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-c3RhcnQ