Source etymology 1 · variant 1/2
Original entry ↗verb
Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventoryTo support oneself on the feet in an erect position. · To rise to one’s feet; to stand up. · To remain motionless. · To be placed in an upright or vertical orientation.
Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-der. Proto-Germanic *standaną Proto-West Germanic *standan Old English standan Middle English stonden English stand From Middle English stonden, standen (verb) and stand, stond (noun, from the verb), from Old English standan (“to stand, occupy a place”), from Proto-West Germanic *standan, from Proto-Germanic *standaną (“to stand”), from Pre-Germanic *sth₂-n-t-´, an innovative extended n-infixed form of Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-. Cognates Cognate with Scots staund (“to stand”), Yola sthoan, sthoane, sthone, stoane (“to stand”), North Frisian staan, stoune, stuine, stun, stönje, stööne (“to stand”), Saterland Frisian stounde (“to stand”), Danish stande (“to stand”), Faroese and Icelandic standa (“to stand”), Norwegian Nynorsk standa, stå (“to stand”), Swedish stånda (“to stand”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (standan, “to stand”). From the related Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”): West Frisian stean (“to stand”), Alemannic German staa (“to stand”), Central Franconian stiehn, stohn, stonn (“to stand”), Cimbrian stean (“to stand”), Dutch staan (“to stand”), German stehen (“to stand”), Low German stahn, staon (“to stand”), Luxembourgish stoen (“to stand”), Vilamovian śtejn (“to stand”), Yiddish שטיין (shteyn, “to stand”), Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish stå (“to stand”), Faroese stá (“to stand”). Also from *steh₂-: Breton and Cornish sevel (“to stand”), Welsh sefyll (“to stand”), Latin stō (“to stand”), Greek σταυρός (stavrós, “cross”), Albanian shtyllë (“pillar; column”), Latvian stāvēt (“to stand”), Lithuanian stóti, stovėti (“to stand”), Belarusian стая́ць (stajácʹ, “to stand”), Bulgarian стоя́ (stojá, “to stand, stay”), Czech stát (“to stand”), Macedonian стои (stoi, “to stand”), Polish stać, stojeć (“to stand”), Russian стоя́ть (stojátʹ, “to stand”), Serbo-Croatian ста̏јати, stȁjati (“to stand”), Slovak stáť (“to stand”), Slovene státi (“to stand”), Ukrainian стоя́ти (stojáty, “to stand”), Armenian ստվար (stvar, “large, thick; dense”), Ossetian стын (styn, “to stand up”), Northern Kurdish rawestîn (“to stand”), Persian ایستادن (istâdan), وایسادن (vâysâdan), وایستادن (vâystâdan, “to stand up”), Tocharian A ṣtäm- (“to stand”), Tocharian B stäm- (“to stand”), Sanskrit स्था (sthā, “to stand”).
Relationships mentioned by the source
These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.
- Root classification mention*steh₂-ine-pro
- Inherited-form mentionstondenenm
- Inherited-form mentionstandanang
- Inherited-form mention*standangmw-pro
- Inherited-form mention*standanągem-pro
- Derivation mention*steh₂-ine-pro
- Cognate mentionstaundsco · to stand
- Cognate mentionsthoanyol
- Cognate mentionstaanfrr
- Cognate mentionstoundestq · to stand
- Cognate mentionstandeda · to stand
- Cognate mentionstandann
- Cognate mentionståndasv · to stand
- Cognate mention𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽got · to stand
- Cognate mention*stānągem-pro · to stand
- Cognate mentionsteanfy · to stand
- Cognate mentionstaagsw · to stand
- Cognate mentionstiehngmw-cfr
- Cognate mentionsteancim · to stand
- Cognate mentionstaannl · to stand
- Cognate mentionstehende · to stand
- Cognate mentionstahnnds
- Cognate mentionstoenlb · to stand
- Cognate mentionśtejnwym · to stand
- Cognate mentionשטייןyi · to stand
- Cognate mentionstáfo · to stand
- Cognate mentionsefyllcy · to stand
- Cognate mentionstōla · to stand
- Cognate mentionσταυρόςel · cross
- Cognate mentionshtyllësq · pillar; column
- Cognate mentionstāvētlv · to stand
- Cognate mentionstótilt
- Cognate mentionстая́цьbe · to stand
- Cognate mentionстоя́bg · to stand, stay
- Cognate mentionstátcs · to stand
- Cognate mentionстоиmk · to stand
- Cognate mentionstaćpl
- Cognate mentionстоя́тьru · to stand
- Cognate mentionста̏јатиsh
- Cognate mentionstáťsk · to stand
- Cognate mentionstátisl · to stand
- Cognate mentionстоя́тиuk · to stand
- Cognate mentionստվարhy · large, thick; dense
- Cognate mentionстынos · to stand up
- Cognate mentionrawestînkmr · to stand
- Cognate mentionایستادنfa
- Cognate mentionṣtäm-xto · to stand
- Cognate mentionstäm-txb · to stand
- Cognate mentionस्थाsa · to stand
This page abbreviates 21 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.
Inspect preserved source fields
Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.
{
"templates": [
{
"name": "root",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": ""
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:stonden",
"id": "to position",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *standaną\nProto-West Germanic *standan\nOld English standan\nMiddle English stonden\nEnglish stand\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*steh₂-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*standaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*standan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"standan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"stonden\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"stand\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"to position\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"stand\" id=\"English:_to_position\">"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "stonden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English stonden"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "standan",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand, occupy a place"
},
"expansion": "Old English standan (“to stand, occupy a place”)"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*standan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *standan"
},
{
"name": "inh",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*standaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *standaną (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "der",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steh₂-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-"
},
{
"name": "col-top",
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "staund",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Scots staund (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "sthoan"
},
"expansion": "Yola sthoan"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "staan"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian staan"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "stounde",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian stounde (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stande",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Danish stande (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo,is",
"2": "standa",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Faroese and Icelandic standa (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "standa"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk standa"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stånda",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Swedish stånda (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (standan, “to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stāną",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stāną (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stean",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian stean (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "staa",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German staa (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "gmw-cfr",
"2": "stiehn"
},
"expansion": "Central Franconian stiehn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "stean",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian stean (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "staan",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Dutch staan (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "stehen",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "German stehen (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "stahn"
},
"expansion": "Low German stahn"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "stoen",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish stoen (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "wym",
"2": "śtejn",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Vilamovian śtejn (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "שטיין",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish שטיין (shteyn, “to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "da,nb,nn,sv",
"2": "stå",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Danish, Norwegian Bokmål, Norwegian Nynorsk, and Swedish stå (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "stá",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Faroese stá (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "br,kw",
"2": "sevel",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Breton and Cornish sevel (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "sefyll",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Welsh sefyll (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "stō",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Latin stō (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "σταυρός",
"t": "cross"
},
"expansion": "Greek σταυρός (stavrós, “cross”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "shtyllë",
"t": "pillar; column"
},
"expansion": "Albanian shtyllë (“pillar; column”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stāvēt",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Latvian stāvēt (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stóti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stóti"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "стая́ць",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian стая́ць (stajácʹ, “to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "стоя́",
"t": "to stand, stay"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian стоя́ (stojá, “to stand, stay”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "stát",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Czech stát (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "стои",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian стои (stoi, “to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "stać"
},
"expansion": "Polish stać"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "стоя́ть",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Russian стоя́ть (stojátʹ, “to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "ста̏јати"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ста̏јати"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "stáť",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Slovak stáť (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "státi",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Slovene státi (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "стоя́ти",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian стоя́ти (stojáty, “to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "ստվար",
"t": "large, thick; dense"
},
"expansion": "Armenian ստվար (stvar, “large, thick; dense”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "стын",
"t": "to stand up"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian стын (styn, “to stand up”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "rawestîn",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish rawestîn (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "ایستادن",
"tr": "istâdan"
},
"expansion": "Persian ایستادن (istâdan)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "ṣtäm-",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A ṣtäm- (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "stäm-",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B stäm- (“to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "cog",
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्था",
"t": "to stand"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्था (sthā, “to stand”)"
},
{
"name": "etymon",
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:stonden",
"id": "to position",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *steh₂-der.\nProto-Germanic *standaną\nProto-West Germanic *standan\nOld English standan\nMiddle English stonden\nEnglish stand"
}
],
"links": [
[
"*steh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-"
],
[
"*standaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/standaną"
],
[
"*standan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/standan"
],
[
"standan",
"standan#Old_English"
],
[
"stonden",
"stonden#Middle_English"
],
[
"stonden",
"stonden#Middle_English"
],
[
"standen",
"standen#Middle_English"
],
[
"stand",
"stand#Middle_English"
],
[
"stond",
"stond#Middle_English"
],
[
"standan",
"standan#Old_English"
],
[
"*standan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/standan"
],
[
"*standaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/standaną"
],
[
"*sth₂-n-t-´",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sth₂-n-t-´"
],
[
"*steh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-"
],
[
"staund",
"staund#Scots"
],
[
"sthoan",
"sthoan#Yola"
],
[
"sthoane",
"sthoane#Yola"
],
[
"sthone",
"sthone#Yola"
],
[
"stoane",
"stoane#Yola"
],
[
"staan",
"staan#North_Frisian"
],
[
"stoune",
"stoune#North_Frisian"
],
[
"stuine",
"stuine#North_Frisian"
],
[
"stun",
"stun#North_Frisian"
],
[
"stönje",
"stönje#North_Frisian"
],
[
"stööne",
"stööne#North_Frisian"
],
[
"stounde",
"stounde#Saterland_Frisian"
],
[
"stande",
"stande#Danish"
],
[
"Faroese",
"standa#Faroese"
],
[
"standa",
"standa#Icelandic"
],
[
"standa",
"standa#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"stå",
"stå#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"stånda",
"stånda#Swedish"
],
[
"𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽",
"𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽#Gothic"
],
[
"*stāną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stāną"
],
[
"stean",
"stean#West_Frisian"
],
[
"staa",
"staa#Alemannic_German"
],
[
"stiehn",
"stiehn#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"stohn",
"stohn#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"stonn",
"stonn#Central_Franconian"
],
[
"stean",
"stean#Cimbrian"
],
[
"staan",
"staan#Dutch"
],
[
"stehen",
"stehen#German"
],
[
"stahn",
"stahn#Low_German"
],
[
"staon",
"staon#Low_German"
],
[
"stoen",
"stoen#Luxembourgish"
],
[
"śtejn",
"śtejn#Vilamovian"
],
[
"שטיין",
"שטיין#Yiddish"
],
[
"Danish",
"stå#Danish"
],
[
"Norwegian Bokmål",
"stå#Norwegian_Bokmål"
],
[
"Norwegian Nynorsk",
"stå#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
],
[
"stå",
"stå#Swedish"
],
[
"stá",
"stá#Faroese"
],
[
"*steh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steh₂-"
],
[
"Breton",
"sevel#Breton"
],
[
"sevel",
"sevel#Cornish"
],
[
"sefyll",
"sefyll#Welsh"
],
[
"stō",
"sto#Latin"
],
[
"σταυρός",
"σταυρός#Greek"
],
[
"shtyllë",
"shtyllë#Albanian"
],
[
"stāvēt",
"stāvēt#Latvian"
],
[
"stóti",
"stoti#Lithuanian"
],
[
"stovėti",
"stovėti#Lithuanian"
],
[
"стая́ць",
"стаяць#Belarusian"
],
[
"стоя́",
"стоя#Bulgarian"
],
[
"stát",
"stát#Czech"
],
[
"стои",
"стои#Macedonian"
],
[
"stać",
"stać#Polish"
],
[
"stojeć",
"stojeć#Polish"
],
[
"стоя́ть",
"стоять#Russian"
],
[
"ста̏јати",
"стајати#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"stȁjati",
"stajati#Serbo-Croatian"
],
[
"stáť",
"stáť#Slovak"
],
[
"státi",
"stati#Slovene"
],
[
"стоя́ти",
"стояти#Ukrainian"
],
[
"ստվար",
"ստվար#Armenian"
],
[
"стын",
"стын#Ossetian"
],
[
"rawestîn",
"rawestîn#Northern_Kurdish"
],
[
"ایستادن",
"ایستادن#Persian"
],
[
"وایسادن",
"وایسادن#Persian"
],
[
"وایستادن",
"وایستادن#Persian"
],
[
"ṣtäm-",
"ṣtäm-#Tocharian_A"
],
[
"stäm-",
"stäm-#Tocharian_B"
],
[
"स्था",
"स्था#Sanskrit"
]
],
"references": [],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ido",
"lang_code": "io",
"word": "standar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "stanner",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "sténer",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "tan"
}
],
"lexical": [
{
"pos": "verb",
"glosses": [
"To support oneself on the feet in an erect position.",
"To rise to one’s feet; to stand up.",
"To remain motionless.",
"To be placed in an upright or vertical orientation."
],
"tags": [
"copulative",
"intransitive"
],
"recordId": "3129df01e6df2cffe0804760afc53993eef84b9e4bcce2677e80c34289f4b43a",
"rawRecordSha256": "eeee71fcdd0694224fd29d45cb1db93da40d3462c6208f185374d8bf7a8dccfd",
"sourceRecordOrdinal": 12564
}
],
"omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
"templates": 0,
"links": 0,
"references": 0,
"descendants": 0,
"lexicalRecords": 0,
"lexicalSenses": 21,
"glosses": 0
}
}