*SET-U

English word origin

Etymology of stake

From Middle English stake, from Old English staca (“pin, tack, stake”), from Proto-West Germanic *stakō, from Proto-Germanic *stakô (“stake”), from Proto-Indo-European *stog-, *steg- (“stake”). Cognate with Scots stak, s

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In this entry · 1 source sections

The source etymologies

Wiktionary via Kaikki / Wiktextract

The source reports below are imported and unreviewed by *SET-U. Separate numbered origins and differing source variants are preserved; agreement within this extraction is not independent corroboration.

Unnumbered source etymology

Original entry ↗
verb

To fasten, support, defend, or delineate with stakes. · To pierce or wound with a stake. · To put at risk upon success in competition, or upon a future contingency. · To provide (another) with money in order to engage in an activity as betting or a business venture.

noun

A piece of wood or other material, usually long and slender, pointed at one end so as to be easily driven into the ground as a marker or a support or stay. · A piece of wood driven in the ground, placed in the middle of the court, that is used as the finishing point after scoring 12 hoops in croquet. · A stick or similar object (e.g., steel channel or angle stock) inserted upright in a lop, eye, or mortise, at the side or end of a cart, flat car, flatbed trailer, or the like, to prevent goods from falling off; often connected in a grid forming a stakebody. · The piece of timber to which a person condemned to death was affixed to be burned.

Selected source glosses provide context, not a complete modern definition inventory

From Middle English stake, from Old English staca (“pin, tack, stake”), from Proto-West Germanic *stakō, from Proto-Germanic *stakô (“stake”), from Proto-Indo-European *stog-, *steg- (“stake”). Cognate with Scots stak, staik, Saterland Frisian Stak, West Frisian staak, Dutch staak, Low German Stake, Norwegian stake, Spanish estaca.

Relationships mentioned by the source

These are extracted mentions, not a timeline or a verified sequence of immediate parents.

  • Root classification mention*(s)teg- (pole)ine-pro
  • Inherited-form mentionstakeenm
  • Inherited-form mentionstacaang · pin, tack, stake
  • Inherited-form mention*stakōgmw-pro
  • Inherited-form mention*stakôgem-pro · stake
  • Derivation mention*stog-ine-pro
  • Cognate mentionstaksco
  • Cognate mentionStakstq
  • Cognate mentionstaakfy
  • Cognate mentionstaaknl
  • Cognate mentionStakends
  • Cognate mentionstakeno
  • Cognate mentionestacaes

This page abbreviates 6 auxiliary source items. The etymology narrative is not shortened. Omission counts are available in the audit fields below; consult the original for complete auxiliary material.

Inspect preserved source fields

Raw extraction fields are retained for auditing. Their order does not establish ancestry.

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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)teg- (pole)"
      },
      "expansion": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "stake"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English stake"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "staca",
        "t": "pin, tack, stake"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English staca (“pin, tack, stake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*stakō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stakō"
    },
    {
      "name": "inh",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*stakô",
        "t": "stake"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stakô (“stake”)"
    },
    {
      "name": "der",
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*stog-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stog-"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "stak"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots stak"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "Stak"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Stak"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "staak"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian staak"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "staak"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch staak"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "Stake"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German Stake"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "stake"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian stake"
    },
    {
      "name": "cog",
      "args": {
        "1": "es",
        "2": "estaca"
      },
      "expansion": "Spanish estaca"
    }
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      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stakō"
    ],
    [
      "*stakô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stakô"
    ],
    [
      "*stog-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/stog-"
    ],
    [
      "*steg-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/steg-"
    ],
    [
      "stak",
      "stak#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "staik",
      "staik#Scots"
    ],
    [
      "Stak",
      "Stak#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "staak",
      "staak#West_Frisian"
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      "staak",
      "staak#Dutch"
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      "estaca#Spanish"
    ]
  ],
  "references": [],
  "descendants": [],
  "lexical": [
    {
      "pos": "verb",
      "glosses": [
        "To fasten, support, defend, or delineate with stakes.",
        "To pierce or wound with a stake.",
        "To put at risk upon success in competition, or upon a future contingency.",
        "To provide (another) with money in order to engage in an activity as betting or a business venture."
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    {
      "pos": "noun",
      "glosses": [
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        "A piece of wood driven in the ground, placed in the middle of the court, that is used as the finishing point after scoring 12 hoops in croquet.",
        "A stick or similar object (e.g., steel channel or angle stock) inserted upright in a lop, eye, or mortise, at the side or end of a cart, flat car, flatbed trailer, or the like, to prevent goods from falling off; often connected in a grid forming a stakebody.",
        "The piece of timber to which a person condemned to death was affixed to be burned."
      ],
      "tags": [
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  "omittedAuxiliaryFields": {
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    "lexicalSenses": 6,
    "glosses": 0
  }
}

Where this record stops

This page does not supply an independently verified sound-change sequence, first-use manuscript or complete family tree unless a cited analysis explicitly establishes one. Missing detail here is a limit of this record—not a claim that humanity knows nothing more.

An older meaning does not determine what a word must mean today. Follow the sources, preserve disagreements, and keep ancestry separate from interpretation.

Contribute located evidence for stake →

Source and snapshot

Imported from Wiktionary contributors; extracted by Tatu Ylonen / Wiktextract / Kaikki.org. Selected fields are reformatted and grouped; wording, source identity and etymology sections are retained. CC-BY-SA-4.0 applies to the imported source material.

Dump: 2026-10-01 · Extracted: 2026-10-30. These are snapshot dates, not the word’s first attestation or the page’s revision date.

Source entry and bibliography ↗Wiktionary revision history ↗Acquisition and rights ledger
Machine-source provenance
Source SHA-256
5ff2c072f8099f2d2ce484bd6957bf179f046d2ad37bc36555edf8bb84cb5291
Import run
73216b9a9b78ed3830994bf853103716f5a4dc57099e371e9f8fdc468facca26
Permanent entry ID
w-c3Rha2U